Figure 1.

Study flow chart. There were 453,214 incident dialysis patients from 2006–2009 in the USRDS. The study population included incident dialysis patients aged 18-30 years without renal recovery (or dialysis requiring AKI). Patients whose neighborhood poverty status could not be determined, race/ethnicity other than black or white, and those who died or received a transplant (censored) within the first 3 months after starting dialysis were excluded. After these exclusions, 11,027 patients were included in our analyses.