Table 3. Pairwise F_ST value among the seven S. avenae populations of China.

	Beijing	Hubei	Hebei	Henan	Jiangsu	Shandong
Hubei	0.4186
Hebei	0.1055	0.3626
Henan	0.2604	0.2137	0.2015
Jiangsu	0.3547	0.3182	0.2852	0.1611
Shandong	0.2589	0.2253	0.1911	0.0383	0.1012
Shanxi	0.3836	0.3320	0.2648	0.1654	0.2724	0.1858

F_ST≤0.05, indicates little differentiation among populations; 0.05<F_ST≤0.15, middling differentiation; (iii). 0.15<F_ST≤0.25, high differentiation; F_ST>0.25, significant divergence. The seven S. avenae populations were named by their sampled locations, Beijing, Hubei, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Shanxi, respectively.