Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of patients in the cross-sectional study.
| GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | Non-CKD >90 | CKD1-2 ≥60 | CKD3 30~59 | CKD4-5 <30 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||||
| Number (N=151) | 26 | 40 | 58 | 27 | |
| Age (y) | 65.45±8.58 | 66.51±10.02 | 67.71±9.82 | 69.67±12.91 | 0.31 |
| Male n (n%) | 10 (38.46) | 15 (37.50) | 25 (43.10) | 16 (59.26) | 0.74 |
| Diabetes n(n%) | 10 (38.46) | 24 (60.00) | 34 (58.62) | 11 (40.74) | 0.07 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 96.63±14.26 | 96.27±12.33 | 97.74±12.29 | 97.13±12.68 | 0.89 |
| Diet composition (per day) | |||||
| Total calorie (kilocalorie) | 1957.04±167.51 | 1781.70±246.81** | 1694.59 (1500~1800)** | 1716.67±209.40** | <0.001 |
| Fat (g) | 59.88±9.99 | 56.48±9.21 | 56.49 (55~60) | 57.22±6.98 | 0.38 |
| Protein (g) | 53.27 (39~66) | 47.98±14.99 | 39.00±7.34** | 37.11±8.02** | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 306.00±41.40 | 271.35±44.97** | 257.05±36.42** | 263.00±30.71** | <0.001 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 827.88 (608~991) | 746.60±209.61 | 617.65±106.45** | 591.52±114.62** | <0.001 |
| Calcium (mg) | 502.19±18.52 | 491.93±26.41 | 484.59 (464~501)** | 485.37±23.01* | 0.01 |
| Laboratory measurements | |||||
| Serum phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.12±0.19 | 1.13±0.16* | 1.25±0.27** | 1.74±0.65** | <0.001 |
| Serum calcium (mmol/L) | 2.27±0.11 | 2.26±0.12 | 2.24±0.16 | 2.11±0.28** | 0.002 |
| Ca×Pi product | 2.50±0.41 | 2.55±0.39 | 2.96±0.53** | 3.57±1.06** | <0.001 |
| 24hs phosphorus excretion in urine (mmol/L) | 15.45±5.40 | 13.40±5.87 | 13.10±5.97 | 10.67±4.17 | 0.17 |
| n=24 | n=36 | n=40 | n=24 | ||
| PTH (pmol/L) | 4.53±0.42 | 4.94±1.95 | 8.34 (5.02~8.18) | 27.28±29.08* | <0.001 |
| n=20 | n=32 | n=46 | n=24 | ||
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 58.96±8.71 | 74.80±10.92 | 112.35±26.13 | 535.78±365.41** | <0.001 |
| Cys-C (mmol/L) | 1.00±0.23 | 0.98±0.27 | 1.63±0.44 | 3.98±1.41** | <0.001 |
| n=23 | n=37 | n=48 | n=27 | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 128.19±15.78 | 127.47±10.65 | 114.18±15.15** | 97.74±20.99** | <0.001 |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 3.91±0.45 | 3.82±0.45 | 4.23±0.50** | 4.57±0.63** | <0.001 |
| Cardiac markers | |||||
| cTnT (ng/mL) | 0.004 (0.003~0.0032) | 0.008 (0.003~0.009) | 0.019 (0.01~0.022)* | 0.07±0.055** | <0.001 |
| MYO (ng/mL) | 24.47±3.85 | 34.79 (21.23~36.03) | 77.66 (40.18~91.50)** | 174.85±143.69** | <0.001 |
| CK-MB (U/L) | 1.85±0.46 | 2.29±0.65 | 3.98 (2.02~3.33) | 9.75 (2.33~8.92)** | 0.005 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 121.12 (44.53~165.58) | 266.06 (56.03~238.51) | 709.48 (109.18~508.18) | 6125.00 (209~9677)** | <0.001 |
GFR – glomerular filtration rate; MAP – mean arterial pressure; PTH – parathyroid hormone; Cys-C – cystatin C; cTnT – cardiac troponin T; MYO – myoglobin; CK-MB – MB isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinases; BNP – brain natriuretic peptide. All values mean ±SD or IQR. p-values are analyzed between CKD groups by ANOVA.
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01.
These represented paired-comparisons results between each CKD group and Non-CKD group respectively.