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| Characteristics | n | % |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 12 | 48.0% |
| Male | 13 | 52.0% |
| Race | ||
| Caucasian | 23 | 92.0% |
| Asian Canadian | 2 | 8.0% |
| Retired | 24 | 96.0% |
| Smoking status | ||
| Non-smoker | 16 | 64.0% |
| Experimenter | 1 | 4.0% |
| Current smoker | 8 | 32.0% |
| Severity of COPD | ||
| Moderate (80<FEV1 predict ≦50) | 7 | 28.0% |
| Severe (50<FEV1 predict ≦30) | 12 | 48.0% |
| Very severe(FEV1 predict<30) | 6 | 24.0% |
Note. SD: Standard Deviation.
(N = 25).
