(a) Defective vacuolar sorting is observed in fission yeast with individual chromosomal deletions of ESCRT genes. Wild-type and ESCRT-deleted fission yeast strains, transformed with Ub-GFP-SpCPS, were cultured in liquid minimal medium at 25°C, stained with FM 4-64, and visualised using confocal microscopy. Mutants of plo1 and ark1 (b) and clp1 (c) cause defective vacuolar sorting in fission yeast. Wild-type and fission yeast plo1-ts35, ark1-T8, ark1-T11 and clp1 strains, transformed with Ub-GFP-SpCPS, were cultured in liquid minimal medium, stained with FM 4-64, and visualised using a confocal microscope. Strains were cultured at 25°C or 30°C. Scale bar, 10 µm. Experiments were performed three times with qualitatively similar results and data from a typical experiment are shown.