The disparate response to slow- vs. rapid-onset hypoglycemia with portal-mesenteric denervation
A and B: matched hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamps in which glucose is allowed to fall either slowly (−0.05 mM/min; A) or rapidly (−0.18 mM/min; B) for nerve-intact controls (CON) or animals undergoing portal-mesenteric vein sensory denervation via topical capsaicin (PMV-DN). C and D: the epinephrine response to hypoglycemia, which is severely blunted in PMV-DN animals with slow-onset hypoglycemia (C) but is largely unaffected by PMV-DN during rapid-onset hypoglycemia (D). E and F: the norepinephrine response to hypoglycemia, which is essentially eliminated in PMV-DN animals with slow-onset hypoglycemia (E) but is unaffected by PMV-DN during rapid-onset hypoglycemia (F). Figure adapted from Ref. 97.