Table 2.
Baseline mental health (selected versus universal population)
| Non-randomised trial (selected population) (n = 20)* | Randomised trial (universal population) (n = 32)* | Comparison | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | Mean difference (95% CI) | t (df) | p | |
| Depression | |||||
| CES-D depression | 23.18 (8.04) | 13.74 (8.68) | −9.43 (−14.57, −4.30) | −3.70 (46) | <0.001 |
| DASS depression | 12.95 (8.01) | 6.88 (8.30) | −6.07 (−10.84, −1.30) | −2.56 (49) | 0.01 |
| Anxiety | |||||
| STAI state anxiety | 48.39 (12.59) | 35.83 (12.05) | −12.56 (−19.91, −5.20) | −3.44 (46) | <0.001 |
| DASS anxiety | 10.00 (7.54) | 7.25 (7.48) | −2.75 (−7.12, 1.62) | −1.27 (49) | 0.21 |
| Stress | |||||
| PSS stress | 21.80 (4.99) | 17.06 (6.43) | −4.74 (−8.13, 1.35) | −2.81 (50) | <0.001 |
| DASS stress | 19.16 (7.25) | 13.88 (10.24) | −5.28 (−10.67, 0.10) | −1.97 (49) | 0.05 |
| Mindfulness | |||||
| Nonreactivity | 18.74 (5.25) | 20.00 (6.04) | 1.23 (−2.16, 4.62) | 0.73 (47) | 0.47 |
| Observing | 21.68 (4.97) | 24.03 (6.01) | 2.35 (−0.98, 5.67) | 1.42 (47) | 0.16 |
| Acting with awareness | 23.68 (3.51) | 26.27 (5.97) | 2.58 (−0.46, 5.63) | 1.71 (47) | 0.10 |
| Describing | 26.37 (4.79) | 27.29 (6.70) | 0.92 (−2.63, 4.47) | 0.52 (48) | 0.60 |
| Nonjudging | 23.32 (5.96) | 25.87 (6.39) | 2.55 (−1.13, 6.23) | 1.40 (47) | 0.17 |
| Full scale | 113.79 (14.76) | 123.07 (20.74) | 9.28 (−1.79, 20.35) | 1.69 (46) | 0.10 |
*Denominators may vary due to missing numbers.
NB. Significant differences are presented in bold.