Table 2.
Relative risk (RR) for breast cancer according to PFAS exposure
| PFAS (ng/ml) |
Crude | Adjusteda | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases/controls | RR | Cases/controls | RR (95 % CI) | |
| PFOS | 250/233 | 0.99b | 221/215 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01)b |
| <20.42 | 48/49 | 1.0 (ref) | 42/46 | 1.0 (ref) |
| 20.42–25.31 | 55/42 | 1.34 | 52/40 | 1.51 (0.81–2.71) |
| 25.31–30.20 | 56/41 | 1.39 | 49/39 | 1.51 (0.82–2.84) |
| 30.20–39.07 | 47/50 | 0.96 | 43/44 | 1.13 (0.59–2.04) |
| >39.07 | 44/51 | 0.88 | 35/46 | 0.90 (0.47–1.70) |
| PFOA | 250/233 | 0.99b | 221/215 | 1.00 (0.90–1.11)b |
| <3.69 | 51/46 | 1.0 (ref) | 46/43 | 1.0 (ref) |
| 3.69–4.59 | 49/49 | 0.90 | 46/48 | 0.97 (0.53–1.75) |
| 4.59–5.42 | 50/47 | 0.96 | 43/41 | 1.02 (0.56–1.89) |
| 5.42–6.53 | 53/42 | 1.14 | 46/40 | 1.14 (0.62–2.12) |
| >6.53 | 47/49 | 0.87 | 40/43 | 0.94 (0.51–1.76) |
| PFNA | 250/233 | 1.00b | 221/215 | 0.76 (0.30–1.94)b |
| <0.32 | 49/48 | 1.0 (ref) | 44/41 | 1.0 (ref) |
| 0.32–0.42 | 53/44 | 1.14 | 50/40 | 1.10 (0.60–2.02) |
| 0.42–0.50 | 58/39 | 0.74 | 38/46 | 0.75 (0.41–1.40) |
| 0.50–0.64 | 45/52 | 1.12 | 47/40 | 1.08 (0.58–1.99) |
| >0.64 | 45/50 | 0.78 | 42/48 | 0.80 (0.43–1.47) |
| PFHxS | 250/233 | 0.66 b | 221/215 | 0.66 (0.47–0.94) b |
| <0.76 | 64/38 | 1.0 (ref) | 58/35 | 1.0 (ref) |
| 0.76–0.92 | 49/46 | 0.63 | 42/42 | 0.64 (0.34–1.18) |
| 0.92–1.12 | 52/46 | 0.67 | 47/43 | 0.70 (0.38–1.29) |
| 1.12–1.35 | 37/56 | 0.39 | 32/52 | 0.38 (0.20–0.70) |
| >1.35 | 48/47 | 0.61 | 42/43 | 0.61 (0.33–1.12) |
| PFOSA | 250/233 | 1.03 b | 221/215 | 1.04 (0.99–1.08)b |
| <0.93 | 48/49 | 1.0 (ref) | 43/47 | 1.0 (ref) |
| 0.93–1.70 | 53/44 | 1.23 | 48/41 | 1.38 (0.75–2.52) |
| 1.70–2.83 | 44/53 | 0.85 | 38/49 | 0.91 (0.49–1.66) |
| 2.83–5.75 | 46/50 | 0.94 | 41/45 | 1.11 (0.60–2.05) |
| >5.75 | 59/37 | 1.63 | 51/33 | 1.89 (1.01–3.54) |
| sumPFSA | 250/233 | 1.00b | 221/215 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01)b |
| <24.43 | 52/45 | 1.0 (ref) | 46/44 | 1.0 (ref) |
| 24.43–29.58 | 52/46 | 0.96 | 48/42 | 1.19 (0.66–2.16) |
| 29.58–35.67 | 53/42 | 1.09 | 38/42 | 1.15 (0.62–2.13) |
| 35.67–45.38 | 49/48 | 0.88 | 41/41 | 1.09 (0.59–2.02) |
| >45.38 | 44/51 | 0.75 | 51/46 | 0.82 (0.43–1.55) |
| sumPFCA | 250/233 | 0.99b | 221/215 | 1.00 (0.91–1.09)b |
| <4.82 | 50/47 | 1.0 (ref) | 45/43 | 1.0 (ref) |
| 4.82–5.85 | 49/48 | 0.96 | 44/47 | 0.87 (0.48–1.59) |
| 5.85–6.80 | 49/48 | 0.96 | 43/44 | 0.92 (0.50–1.69) |
| 6.80–8.02 | 57/38 | 1.44 | 52/34 | 1.49 (0.80–2.77) |
| >8.02 | 44/52 | 0.80 | 37/47 | 0.76 (0.41–1.41) |
| sumPFAS | 250/233 | 1.00b | 221/215 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01)b |
| <29.54 | 50/46 | 1.0 (ref) | 44/45 | 1.0 (ref) |
| 29.54–35.32 | 53/48 | 1.00 | 50/44 | 1.24 (0.68–2.25) |
| 35.32–42.17 | 56/37 | 1.39 | 49/37 | 1.41 (0.76–2.63) |
| 42.17–53.11 | 45/51 | 0.80 | 40/45 | 0.96 (0.52–1.78) |
| >53.11 | 46/49 | 0.86 | 38/44 | 0.94 (0.50–1.78) |
Bold data indicates significance (p < 0.05).
aAdjusted for age at blood sampling, BMI before pregnancy, gravidity, OC use, menarche age, smoking during pregnancy, alcohol intake, maternal education and physical activity
bRR was obtained from the original continuous variables.