Table 3.
Adjusted relative risk (RR) of breast cancer in accordance to PFAS exposure stratified by age at diagnosis
| PFAS (ng/ml) |
Age <40 | Age >40 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases/controls | RR (95 % CI) | Cases/controls | RR (95 % CI) | |
| PFOS | 132/120 | 0.99 (0.97–1.02)a | 118/113 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02)a |
| <20.42 | 26/22 | 1.00 (ref) | 22/27 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 20.42–25.31 | 28/23 | 1.22 (0.52–2.88) | 27/19 | 2.30 (0.94–5.64) |
| 25.31–30.20 | 30/20 | 1.38 (0.58–3.30) | 26/21 | 1.90 (0.73–4.97) |
| 30.20–39.07 | 22/30 | 0.79 (0.33–1.88) | 25/20 | 2.22 (0.87–5.69) |
| >39.07 | 26/25 | 1.01 (0.41–2.50) | 18/26 | 0.88 (0.33–2.38) |
| PFOA | 132/120 | 0.99 (0.84–1.18)a | 118/113 | 1.01 (0.88–1.16)a |
| <3.69 | 26/19 | 1.00 (ref) | 25/27 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 3.69–4.59 | 24/31 | 0.66 (0.28–1.55) | 25/18 | 1.77 (0.73–4.31) |
| 4.59–5.42 | 29/19 | 1.26 (0.51–3.15) | 21/28 | 0.93 (0.38–2.27) |
| 5.42–6.53 | 28/25 | 0.83 (0.35–1.99) | 25/17 | 1.91 (0.76–4.83) |
| >6.53 | 25/26 | 0.77 (0.31–1.91) | 22/23 | 1.17 (0.48–2.86) |
| PFNA | 132/120 | 0.54 (0.13–2.32)a | 118/113 | 1.09 (0.30–3.96)a |
| <0.32 | 29/19 | 1.00 (ref) | 20/24 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 0.32–0.42 | 33/22 | 1.05 (0.44–2.50) | 24/22 | 1.19 (0.48–2.96) |
| 0.42–0.50 | 21/27 | 0.52 (0.22–1.26) | 22/24 | 1.30 (0.52–3.25) |
| 0.50–0.64 | 28/28 | 0.82 (0.35–1.88) | 27/15 | 1.85 (0.70–4.86) |
| >0.64 | 21/24 | 0.56 (0.23–1.37) | 25/28 | 1.14 (0.46–2.82) |
| PFHxS | 132/120 | 0.64 (0.39–1.05)a | 118/113 | 0.71 (0.43–1.15)a |
| <0.76 | 40/19 | 1.00 (ref) | 24/19 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 0.76–0.92 | 29/29 | 0.39 (0.17–0.88) | 20/17 | 1.23 (0.44–3.42) |
| 0.92–1.12 | 23/21 | 0.56 (0.23–1.35) | 29/25 | 1.04 (0.40–2.68) |
| 1.12–1.35 | 19/26 | 0.30 (0.12–0.72) | 18/30 | 0.52 (0.20–1.35) |
| >1.35 | 21/25 | 0.41 (0.17–0.96) | 27/22 | 1.01 (0.40–2.54) |
| PFOSA | 132/120 | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) a | 118/113 | 1.01 (0.97–1.07)a |
| <0.93 | 29/33 | 1.00 (ref) | 19/16 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 0.93–1.70 | 32/27 | 1.53 (0.70–3.32) | 21/17 | 1.30 (0.48–3.56) |
| 1.70–2.83 | 22/24 | 1.04 (0.45–2.40) | 22/29 | 0.96 (0.37–2.51) |
| 2.83–5.75 | 22/24 | 1.10 (0.46–2.59) | 24/26 | 1.37 (0.52–3.61) |
| >5.75 | 27/12 | 2.45 (1.00–6.00) | 32/25 | 1.62 (0.61–4.29) |
| sumPFSA | 132/120 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02)a | 118/113 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02)a |
| <24.43 | 31/23 | 1.00 (ref) | 21/22 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 24.43–29.58 | 28/26 | 0.90 (0.40–2.03) | 24/21 | 2.00 (0.67–5.28) |
| 29.58–35.67 | 24/18 | 1.06 (0.44–2.52) | 29/24 | 1.81 (0.38–3.84) |
| 35.67–45.38 | 23/30 | 0.62 (0.27–1.44) | 26/18 | 2.62 (0.44–5.19) |
| >45.38 | 26/23 | 1.01 (0.42–2.40) | 18/28 | 0.79 (0.29–2.14) |
| sumPFCA | 132/120 | 0.99 (0.85–1.15)a | 118/113 | 1.00 (0.89–1.14)a |
| <4.82 | 26/23 | 1.00 (ref) | 24/24 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 4.82–5.85 | 27/23 | 1.04 (0.44–2.46) | 22/25 | 0.98 (0.39–2.40) |
| 5.85–6.80 | 27/27 | 0.90 (0.38–2.12) | 22/21 | 1.25 (0.49–3.22) |
| 6.80–8.02 | 30/20 | 1.37 (0.57–3.27) | 28/18 | 1.73 (0.69–4.34) |
| >8.02 | 22/27 | 0.68 (0.28–1.65) | 22/25 | 1.01 (0.40–2.51) |
| sumPFAS | 132/120 | 1.00 (0.99–1.02)a | 118/113 | 1.00 (0.99–1.02)a |
| <29.54 | 29/24 | 1.00 (ref) | 21/22 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 29.54–35.32 | 31/25 | 1.22 (0.54–2.78) | 22/24 | 1.67 (0.66–4.21) |
| 35.32–42.17 | 23/16 | 1.09 (0.44–2.69) | 33/21 | 2.50 (0.96–6.52) |
| 42.17–53.11 | 22/32 | 0.64 (0.27–1.49) | 23/20 | 2.09 (0.78–5.61) |
| >53.11 | 27/23 | 1.17 (0.49–2.79) | 19/26 | 0.94 (0.34–2.56) |
Adjusted for age at sampling, BMI before pregnancy, gravidity, OC use, menarche age, smoking during pregnancy, alcohol intake, maternal education and physical activity. Bold data indicates significance (p < 0.05).
aRR obtained from the original continuous variables.