FIG. 1.

Cardiac I/R injury exacerbated by high-dose HBOC is reduced by captopril. The cardiac functional parameters, including PAWP (A), PAP (B), LVEDP (C), LVSP (D), CO (E), and cardiac VO₂ (F) and O₂EI (G), of dog hearts during CPB study (n=6). Total CK-MB (H) and cTnI (I) releases after 2-h reperfusion (n=6). (J) Pathological scores for acute myocardial necrosis, interstitial edema, perinuclear halo, and fatty changes (n=5). (K) Structural mitochondrial changes of dog LV tissues assessed by transmission electron microscopy (n=5, five fields for each specimen). Original magnification×12,000. Values are presented as mean±SD. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001 versus the I/R group; ^#p<0.05, ^##p<0.01, and ^###p<0.001 versus the 3%HBOC group. ACEI in the figure indicates ACE inhibitor captopril. CO, cardiac output; CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; HBOC, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; LVSP, left ventricular systolic pressure; O₂EI, O₂ extraction index; PAP, pulmonary arterial pressure; PAWP, pulmonary artery wedge pressure; VO₂, cardiac O₂ consumption.