Fig. 4.

Plots of percentage change in BOLD signal intensity during periods of MSNA compared with periods of no MSNA in brain regions identified as being significantly different in subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) compared with controls. Note that in all regions except for the hippocampus, signal intensity increased in OSA subjects (grey bars) and did not change or decreased modestly in controls (white bars). In the hippocampus, signal intensity decreased dramatically in controls and did not change in OSA subjects. ACC: anterior cingulate cortex, dlPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, mPFC: medial prefrontal cortex.