Table 3.
Diabetes management, preventive care, and comorbidities adjusted for age (percentage with 95% CI) among men and women who self-report clinically diagnosed diabetes mellitus
| All subjects, mean or % (n) | Females, n = 831 | Males, n = 234 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duration, y | 10.5 (1041) | 10.5 (9.9–11.1) | 10.3 (9.1–11.5) |
| Management, % | |||
| Diet | 73.3 (1065) | 74.3 (71.2–77.4) | 69.6 (63.9–75.3) |
| Self-report pills | 56.9 (1041) | 59.0 (55.5–62.5) | 48.8 (42.3–55.3) |
| Self-report insulin | 48.7 (1041) | 48.7 (45.2–52.2) | 48.3 (41.7–54.9) |
| Diabetes medication | 80.6 (975) | 80.7 (77.9–83.5) | 80.8 (75.5–86.1) |
| Preventive care, % | |||
| Dietary class by dietitian | 52.2 (1065) | 51.1 (47.6–54.6) | 56.1 (49.6–62.6) |
| Ophthalmologist in past year | 56.6 (1065) | 57.7 (54.2–61.2) | 54.5 (48.1–60.9) |
| Podiatrist in past year | 22.4 (1065) | 22.0 (19.1–24.9) | 23.6 (18.2–29.0) |
| Dentist in past year | 38.2 (1065) | 37.8 (34.4–41.2) | 39.9 (33.6–46.2) |
| Glucose-monitoring machine | 77.1 (1065) | 79.2 (76.3–82.1) | 69.6 (64.2–75.0) |
| Monitored glucose daily | 51.3 (1060) | 54.4 (50.9–57.9) | 39.3 (32.9–45.7) |
| Peripheral vascular disease, % | |||
| Numbness, pain, or burning in feet | 83.1 (599) | 83.0 (79.6–86.4) | 83.7 (76.9–90.5) |
| Foot ulcers or sores | 8.9 (599) | 8.5 (5.9–11.1) | 10.8 (5.6–16.0) |
| Claudication | 32.9 (599) | 33.2 (29.0–37.4) | 31.7 (23.2–40.2) |
| Amputation | 5.2 (599) | 4.3 (2.3–6.3) | 8.5 (4.5–12.5) |
| Vascular leg surgery | 3.5 (599) | 3.3 (1.7–4.9) | 4.2 (0.9–7.5) |
| Eye disease, % | |||
| Reduced vision or blindness | 31.1 (614) | 29.4 (25.2–33.6) | 37.6 (29.6–45.6) |
| Glaucoma | 15.2 (614) | 13.4 (10.3–16.5) | 22.0 (15.9–28.1) |
| Cataracts | 35.5 (614) | 36.6 (32.7–40.5) | 32.3 (24.8–39.8) |
| Laser eye surgery | 27.7 (614) | 27.1 (23.2–31.0) | 29.8 (22.3–37.3) |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 6.4 (614) | 6.1 (3.9–8.3) | 5.8 (1.6–10.0) |
| Blurry vision | 49.8 (614) | 50.7 (46.4–55.0) | 47.2 (38.9–55.5) |
CI, confidence interval.
*
n reflects the number of participants with information available on a given topic (ie, some sections of the questionnaire were only completed by a subset of the study population).