Table 1.

Comparison of acute and chronic CNS-IRIS.

	Acute CNS-IRIS	Chronic CNS-IRIS
Timing	<1 year after initiation of ART	>1 year – 10 years after initiation of ART
Presentation	Severe clinical signs, eg. Encephalitis with seizures, altered consciousness and focal signs	Moderate to subtle clinical signs that may spontaneously remit; clinical signs may worsen over time; eg. headache, nausea, impaired hearing and vision, weakness, neurocognitive impairment
MRI	May have enhancing lesions or increased water signal	Generalized or subcortical atrophy
Prognosis	Potential for good recovery if intervention is rapid	Permanent impairment from accumulating CNS damage