Table 1. Baseline characteristics and the past medical history and medication regimen of the study subjects.
| Total | Female | Male | |||||||
| Non-IHD (n = 427) | IHD (n = 1,661) | P Value | Non-IHD (n = 144) | IHD (n = 246) | P-Value | Non-IHD (n = 283) | IHD (n = 1,415) | P-Value | |
| Age (yrs ± SD) | 63.1±13.1 | 65.2±10.5 | P<0.01 | 67.5±13.5 | 70.4±10.2 | P<0.05 | 60.9±12.3 | 64.4±10.3 | P<0.001 |
| Male (%) | 66.3 | 85.1 | P<0.001 | ||||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2 ± SD) | 23.2±3.6 | 24.3±3.4 | P<0.001 | 21.9±3.2 | 23.0±3.5 | P<0.01 | 23.7±3.6 | 24.5±3.4 | P<0.001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 21.8 | 23.2 | NS | 8.3 | 12.6 | NS | 28.6 | 25.1 | NS |
| Current+past smoker (%) | 53.4 | 69.8 | P<0.001 | 19.4 | 28.5 | P<0.05 | 70.7 | 77.0 | P<0.05 |
| Hypertension (%) | 64.6 | 76.5 | P<0.001 | 66.0 | 77.6 | P<0.05 | 64.0 | 76.3 | P<0.001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus (%) | 28.8 | 45.1 | P<0.001 | 27.1 | 42.7 | P<0.01 | 29.7 | 45.5 | P<0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 45.7 | 75.9 | P<0.001 | 43.1 | 74.0 | P<0.001 | 47.0 | 76.3 | P<0.001 |
| s-Cr (mg/dl ± SD) | 1.6±2.4 | 1.6±2.3 | P = 0.001 | 1.6±2.5 | 1.5±2.3 | NS | 1.6±2.3 | 1.6±2.3 | NS |
| HbA1c (% ± SD) | 5.8±1.1 | 6.0±1.1 | P<0.001 | 5.7±1.1 | 5.9±0.8 | NS | 5.8±1.1 | 6.1±1.1 | P<0.001 |
| BNP (pg/ml ± SD) | 310.2±650.0 | 157.6±401.1 | P<0.001 | 319.5±650.4 | 303.2±668.2 | NS | 305.5±650.9 | 132.3±327.4 | P<0.001 |
| HD & CAPD (%) | 10.8 | 9.3 | NS | 13.2 | 13.0 | NS | 9.5 | 8.7 | NS |
| LVEF (% ± SD) | 56.0±14.4 | 57.7±10.8 | P<0.05 | 59.3±12.3 | 59.5±11.6 | NS | 54.4±15.1 | 57.4±10.7 | P = 0.001 |
| Heart rate (beat/min ± SD) (At LVG) | 74.0±16.4 | 70.6±13.5 | P<0.001 | 73.3±14.0 | 72.5±14.3 | NS | 74.4±17.6 | 70.3±13.4 | P<0.001 |
| LVEDP (mmHg ± SD) (At PreLVG) | 16.5±7.2 | 15.5±6.3 | P<0.05 | 16.4±7.0 | 16.1±6.9 | NS | 16.6±7.3 | 15.5±6.1 | P<0.05 |
| LVESVI (ml/m2 ± SD) | 36.5±25.1 | 28.9±16.3 | P<0.001 | 31.7±19.8 | 27.3±17.0 | P<0.05 | 39.0±27.2 | 29.1±16.2 | P<0.001 |
| Prior MI (%) | 0 | 38.5 | P<0.001 | 0 | 35.8 | P<0.001 | 0 | 38.9 | P<0.001 |
| Prior PCI (%) | 0 | 44.6 | P<0.001 | 0 | 35.8 | P<0.001 | 0 | 46.1 | P<0.001 |
| Prior CABG (%) | 0 | 12.5 | P<0.001 | 0 | 15.9 | P<0.001 | 0 | 12.0 | P<0.001 |
| Coronary spastic angina | 0 | 8.5 | P<0.001 | 0 | 12.6 | P<0.001 | 0 | 7.8 | P<0.001 |
| Prior valve repair (%) | 4.9 | 0.7 | P<0.001 | 7.6 | 1.6 | P<0.01 | 3.5 | 0.5 | P<0.001 |
| Valvular heart disease (%) | 30.2 | 3.4 | P<0.001 | 38.2 | 6.9 | P<0.001 | 26.1 | 2.8 | P<0.001 |
| Congenital heart disease (%) | 5.2 | 0.36 | P<0.001 | 8.3 | 0.4 | P<0.001 | 3.5 | 0.4 | P<0.001 |
| Cardiomyopathy (%) | 22.7 | 2.0 | P<0.001 | 20.8 | 3.3 | P<0.001 | 23.7 | 1.8 | P<0.001 |
| AF (%) | 20.6 | 5.5 | P<0.001 | 19.4 | 4.9 | P<0.001 | 21.2 | 5.7 | P<0.001 |
| Calcium-channel blockers (%) | 39.1 | 60.6 | P<0.001 | 43.1 | 59.8 | P = 0.001 | 37.1 | 60.8 | P<0.001 |
| ACE-inhibitors (%) | 15.0 | 21.3 | P<0.01 | 14.6 | 18.3 | NS | 15.2 | 21.8 | P<0.05 |
| Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (%) | 37.9 | 41.0 | NS | 44.4 | 42.7 | NS | 34.6 | 40.7 | NS (P = 0.056) |
| Nitrates (%) | 9.1 | 26.6 | P<0.001 | 8.3 | 28.5 | P<0.001 | 9.5 | 26.2 | P<0.001 |
| Nicorandil (%) | 4.2 | 20.4 | P<0.001 | 4.2 | 23.2 | P<0.001 | 4.2 | 19.9 | P<0.001 |
| Beta-blockers (%) | 18.7 | 34.4 | P<0.001 | 20.8 | 28.9 | NS (P = 0.081) | 17.7 | 35.3 | P<0.001 |
| Statins (%) | 23.0 | 59.3 | P<0.001 | 29.9 | 57.7 | P<0.001 | 19.4 | 59.6 | P<0.001 |
| Fibrates (%) | 3.3 | 3.4 | NS | 1.4 | 1.2 | NS | 4.2 | 3.8 | NS |
| Diuretics (%) | 32.1 | 19.1 | P<0.001 | 38.2 | 28.5 | P<0.05 | 29.0 | 17.5 | P<0.001 |
| Oral Hypoglycemic Agents (%) | 11.5 | 23.5 | P<0.001 | 9.7 | 18.3 | P<0.05 | 12.4 | 24.5 | P<0.001 |
| insulin (%) | 5.2 | 9.9 | P<0.01 | 6.9 | 10.6 | NS | 4.2 | 9.8 | P<0.01 |
| Number of vessels disease (0–3) | 0 | 0.95±0.97 | 0 | 0.96±0.96 | 0 | 0.95±097 | |||
s-Cr, Serum creatinine; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; HD & CAPD, Hemodialysis & continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDP, Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; LVESVI, Left ventricular end-systolic volume Index; MI, Myocardial Infarction; PCI, Percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, Coronary artery bypass graft; AF, Atrial Fibrillation.