Figure 5.

End point detection of LAMP on-chip. (a) I–V curves of a PVC-REFET device are shown. The differences between the negative control before and after amplification are not significant. The positive control shows a shift to a higher threshold voltage, which is consistent with a decrease in pH. The pH change was measured to be −1.2 units with a commercial meter. (b) Measurements were taken simultaneously with a non-PVC ISFET. The positive and negative amplification solutions show insignificant differences. (c) The change in threshold voltage was quantified for multiple devices. The change for positive amplification was statistically significant (n = 3, p-value < 0.01) when compared to the negative control for the PVC-REFET. The non-PVC ISFET showed no significant changes.