Table 1. Population and Sample.

Participant Characteristic	Community Sample	HIV+ Mothers *
	(n = 405)	(n = 216)
	n(%) or median (IQR)	n(%) or median (IQR)
Demographic Information
Age	25 (22–30)	29 (25–32)
Years of residence in village	7.2 (3.5–12)	9.5 (5–14)
Marital status
Married monogamous	318 (78.5)	159 (73.6)
Married polygamous	60 (14.8)	35 (16.2)
Single	17 (4.2)	7 (3.2)
Widowed	10 (2.5)	15 (6.9)
Occupation
Unemployed	71 (17.5)	39 (18.1)
Housewife	163 (40.3)	98 (45.4)
Salaried job or small business	170 (42.0)	77 (35.7)
Completed primary education	184 (45.4)	112 (51.9)
Cattle ownership (≥in household)	192 (47.4)	89 (41.2)
Mobile phone ownership (≥in household)	289 (71.4)	152 (70.4)
Roof type
Grass	288 (71.1)	120 (55.6)
Corrugated iron sheet or better	116 (28.6)	96 (44.4)
Pregnancy Information
Number of times pregnant	4 (3–6)	4 (3–6)
Any antenatal care last pregnancy	379 (93.6)	209 (96.8)
Number of ANC visits	3 (2–4)	3 (3–4)
Timing of first ANC visit (months pregnant)	5 (4–6)	5 (4–6)
Transport time to ANC (hours)	1 (0.5–1.5)	1 (0.5–1.5)
HIV Testing
HIV tested last pregnancy	340 (84.0)	–
HIV test at first ANC visit (among those tested)	304 (89.4)	–
Tested at government facility (among those tested)	(86.2)	–
Delivery Care
Delivery care
Skilled attendant (nurse, doctor or midwife)	176 (43.5)	101 (46.8)
Unskilled attendant (family member or traditional birth attendant)	145 (35.8)	67 (31.0)
No assistance	45 (20.0)	45 (20.8)
Vaginal delivery (no instruments)	383 (95.3)	203 (94.0)
Knowledge and Beliefs
Is there any way to prevent HIV (yes)	298 (73.6)	192 (88.9)
Can pregnant women give HIV to baby (yes)	261 (64.4)	172 (79.6)
Can ARVs prevent MTCT of HIV (yes)	210 (51.9)	158 (73.2)

*Includes 43 mothers from community sample and 173 mothers from HBTC.

Women who delivered an infant in the previous year and resided in the Demographic Health and Surveillance System Area, Nyanza Province, Kenya (2011).