Table 5.
Ten year lag analysis of total and cause specific mortality by duration of oral contraceptive use (years) compared with never users among 117 506 participants in the Nurses’ Health Study, 1986-2012; hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals)
| Cause of death | Duration of oral contraceptive use (years) | P for trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤1 | >1 to <2 | ≥2 to <5 | ≥5 to <10 | ≥10 | ||
| All causes* (n=28 200) | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.06) | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.09) | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.06) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.08) | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.11) | 0.11 |
| Breast cancer† (n=1749) | 0.98 (0.84 to 1.16) | 1.02 (0.79 to 1.31) | 0.93 (0.78 to 1.11) | 1.06 (0.89 to 1.25) | 1.12 (0.88 to 1.42) | 0.34 |
| Breast cancer, further adjusted‡ | 0.98 (0.84 to 1.16) | 1.05 (0.82 to 1.36) | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.16) | 1.13 (0.95 to 1.35) | 1.22 (0.96 to 1.55) | 0.04 |
| Ovarian cancer† (n=700) | 0.86 (0.67 to 1.11) | 0.89 (0.59 to 1.33) | 0.97 (0.75 to 1.25) | 0.68 (0.50 to 0.92) | 0.68 (0.45 to 1.04) | 0.008 |
| Ovarian cancer, further adjusted§ | 0.85 (0.66 to 1.09) | 0.87 (0.58 to 1.31) | 0.95 (0.73 to 1.23) | 0.68 (0.50 to 0.91) | 0.70 (0.45 to 1.06) | 0.01 |
| Cerebrovascular disease¶ (n=1492) | 0.74 (0.60 to 0.91) | 0.87 (0.60 to 1.25) | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.16) | 0.91 (0.72 to 1.13) | 1.09 (0.83 to 1.45) | 0.89 |
| Violence/accidents** (n=840) | 1.38 (1.12 to 1.71) | 0.78 (0.50 to 1.22) | 1.13 (0.88 to 1.45) | 0.86 (0.64 to 1.14) | 0.87 (0.58 to 1.29) | 0.15 |
| Suicide** (n=140) | 1.18 (0.69 to 2.00) | 1.12 (0.50 to 2.52) | 1.60 (0.97 to 2.64) | 0.78 (0.40 to 1.52) | 1.58 (0.77 to 3.24) | 0.60 |
| Other diseases* (n=8562) | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.15) | 1.01 (0.88 to 1.16) | 1.04 (0.95 to 1.13) | 1.06 (0.97 to 1.16) | 1.11 (0.99 to 1.25) | 0.05 |
*Adjusts for model 3 variables: base model+mortality risk factors.
†Adjusts for model 3 variables: base model+cancer risk factors+mortality risk factors.
‡Adjusts for model 4 variables: base model+cancer risk factors+mortality risk factors+breast cancer risk factors (parity, age at first birth, hormone therapy use, hormone therapy duration, and history of benign breast disease).
§Adjusts for model 4 variables: base model+cancer risk factors+mortality risk factors+ovarian cancer risk factors (parity, tubal ligation, and hysterectomy).
¶Adjusts for model 3 variables: sociodemographics+cardiovascular risk factors+mortality risk factors.
**Adjusts for model 3 variables: sociodemographics+violent/accident death risk factors+mortality risk factors.