Table 4.
Change in mean (95% CI) vitamin D concentrations per doubling of U and As concentrations in a model adjusted for both exposures.
| Exposure | 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 1,25(OH)2D (pg/mL) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (95% CI) | p-Value | Mean (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| As | ||||
| Model 1 | 0.3 (–1.0, 1.5) | 0.68 | 2.7 (0.1, 5.4) | 0.04 |
| Model 2 | –0.1 (–1.2, 1.1) | 0.91 | 2.3 (–0.4, 5.1) | 0.09 |
| Model 3 | NA | NA | 2.4 (–0.3, 5.0) | 0.08 |
| U | ||||
| Model 1 | 0.7 (–0.1, 1.4) | 0.08 | 1.3 (–0.3, 2.9) | 0.12 |
| Model 2 | 0.2 (–0.4, 0.9) | 0.51 | 1.6 (0.0, 3.3) | 0.05 |
| Model 3 | NA | NA | 1.5 (–0.1, 3.1) | 0.06 |
| NA, not applicable. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, season, socioeconomic status (family income < 3,000 pesos/month, ≥ 3,000 pesos/month, or unknown), smoking (never, former, or within the past month), adiposity, time spent outside. Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, season, socioeconomic status, smoking, adiposity, time spent outside, 25(OH)D. | ||||