Table 2. Odds ratios of LADA in relation to intake of fatty fish, EPA and DHA from seafood and fish oil and vitamin D supplementation.
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases/controls | OR | 95% CI | Cases/controls | OR | 95% CI | Cases/controls | OR | 95% CI | |
Fatty fish | |||||||||
<1 serving per week | 46/388 | 1.0 | 43/362 | 1.0 | 43/362 | ||||
1–2 servings per week | 28/365 | 0.62 | 0.37–1.02 | 24/342 | 0.53 | 0.30–0.94 | 24/342 | 0.53 | 0.29–0.95 |
>2 servings per week | 15/254 | 0.49 | 0.26–0.90 | 14/244 | 0.49 | 0.25–0.96 | 14/244 | 0.48 | 0.24–0.99 |
⩾1 serving per week | 43/619 | 0.56 | 0.36–0.88 | 38/586 | 0.51 | 0.31–0.85 | 38/586 | 0.51 | 0.30–0.87 |
Total EPA+DHA from seafood | |||||||||
<0.3 g per day | 33/303 | 1.0 | 33/281 | 1.0 | 33/281 | ||||
0.3–0.6 g per day | 31/368 | 0.74 | 0.44–1.26 | 25/345 | 0.57 | 0.32–1.03 | 25/345 | 0.60 | 0.33–1.09 |
>0.6 g per day | 25/336 | 0.66 | 0.38–1.15 | 23/322 | 0.58 | 0.31–1.07 | 23/322 | 0.59 | 0.30–1.16 |
⩾0.3 g per day | 56/704 | 0.70 | 0.44–1.12 | 48/667 | 0.57 | 0.34–0.96 | 48/667 | 0.60 | 0.35–1.03 |
Fish oil supplementation | |||||||||
Never | 81/841 | 1.0 | 75/795 | 1.0 | 75/795 | 1.0 | |||
Ever | 8/166 | 0.52 | 0.24–1.09 | 6/153 | 0.48 | 0.20–1.15 | 6/153 | 0.47 | 0.19–1.12 |
Vitamin D supplementation | |||||||||
Never | 85/924 | 1.0 | 77/875 | 1.0 | 77/875 | 1.0 | |||
Ever | 4/83 | 0.50 | 0.17–1.45 | 4/73 | 0.54 | 0.18–1.65 | 4/73 | 0.58 | 0.19–1.77 |
Vitamin D or/and fish oil | |||||||||
Never | 78/800 | 1.0 | 72/757 | 1.0 | 72/757 | 1.0 | |||
Ever | 11/207 | 0.53 | 0.27–1.02 | 9/191 | 0.48 | 0.23–1.02 | 9/191 | 0.49 | 0.23–1.03 |
Abbreviations; CI, confidence intervals; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; LADA latent autoimmune diabetes in adults; OR, Odds ratios.
Model 1. Adjusted for age and gender
Model 2. Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, smoking, education, physical activity, family history of diabetes and alcohol intake
Model 3. Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, smoking, education, physical activity, family history of diabetes, and intake of alcohol, fruit and vegetables and, red meat.