Table 4. Baseline hormonal markers in the normal and the high-WE groups.
| Hormone |
WEsa |
t-test |
ANCOVAb |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (WEs<5) | High (WEs⩾5) | P | F | P | |
| Ghrelin (fmol ml−1) | 13.4±7.9 | 12.1±8.1 | NS | − | − |
| Leptin (ng ml−1) | 24.2±12 | 26.8±12 | NS | − | − |
| IGF (ng ml−1) | 150±38 | 139±44 | NS | − | − |
| GH (ng ml−1) | 0.57±0.69 | 0.53±0.76 | NS | − | − |
| Insulin (μU ml−1) | 9.20±5.3 | 13.5±0.93 | 0.009 | 2.007 | NS |
| HOMA-IR | 2.36±1.6 | 3.76±2.80 | 0.005 | 4.458 | 0.038 |
| Cortisol (μU ml−1) | 8.79±3.1 | 7.56±3.3 | NS | 5.515 | 0.021 |
Abbreviations: NS, not significant; WEs, wake episodes.
a
All values are expressed as the mean±s.d. of 90 participants.
b
Adjusted by age, baseline BMI, smoking status and CES-D.