Fig. 2.

Comparison of preoperative and postoperative neurocognitive function tests in eight domains. Generally, postoperative function (in black) shows improvement compared to preoperative results except general mental status. Each error bar denotes standard deviation. GMS : general mental state, ATT : attention, ConfNa : confrontational naming, VisSpa : visuospatial function, VerMem : verbal memory, VisMem : visual memory, GenNA : generative naming, InhiCon : inhibitory control. Verbal memory and visual memory domain showed significant improvement (p-values=0.038 and p-values=0.042).