Table 1. Demographic Characteristics Among Children Who Completed a Cognitive or Academic Assessment.
| Characteristic | WPPSI-III (n = 361) | WASI (n = 360) | WIAT-II-A (n = 439) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 176 (49%) | 188 (52%) | 221 (50%) |
| Black race | 262 (75%) | 270 (77%) | 331 (77%) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 91 (25%) | 69 (19%) | 87 (20%) |
| Birth year | |||
| 1995 - 1999 | 0 (0%) | 157 (44%) | 156 (35%) |
| 2000 - 2001 | 0 (0%) | 144 (40%) | 143 (33%) |
| 2002 - 2003 | 108 (30%) | 59 (16%) | 140 (32%) |
| 2004 - 2005 | 152 (42%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| 2006 - 2007 | 101 (28%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Primary language of child is English | 319 (88%) | 330 (92%) | 408 (93%) |
| Number of people in home (excluding child) | |||
| 1-2 | 104 (29%) | 103 (29%) | 131 (30%) |
| 3-4 | 177 (50%) | 188 (52%) | 229 (52%) |
| 5 or more | 76 (21%) | 68 (19%) | 77 (18%) |
| Preterm (gestational age < 37 weeks) | 73 (21%) | 59 (17%) | 76 (18%) |
| Birth weight < 2500 g | 72 (20%) | 66 (18%) | 82 (19%) |
| Caregiver identity: biological parent | 342 (96%) | 327 (91%) | 398 (91%) |
| Primary language of caregiver is English | 265 (74%) | 289 (81%) | 354 (81%) |
| Maternal age at delivery ≥ 35 | 53 (15%) | 47 (14%) | 57 (14%) |
| Annual household income | |||
| ≤ $20,000 | 234 (69%) | 205 (59%) | 259 (61%) |
| $20,000 – 40,000 | 81 (24%) | 100 (29%) | 114 (27%) |
| > $40,000 | 25 (7%) | 45 (13%) | 54 (13%) |
| Caregiver education less than high school | 113 (32%) | 121 (34%) | 149 (34%) |
| Single parent | 176 (49%) | 195 (54%) | 235 (54%) |
| Number of caregiver functional limitations | |||
| 0 | 202 (59%) | 210 (61%) | 252 (60%) |
| 1-2 | 79 (23%) | 90 (26%) | 115 (27%) |
| 3 or more | 59 (17%) | 43 (13%) | 54 (13%) |
| Caregiver: any psychiatric diagnosis | 115 (34%) | 95 (29%) | 122 (30%) |
| Caregiver: any postnatal substance abuse disorder | 34 (10%) | 19 (6%) | 34 (9%) |
| Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy | 20 (6%) | 17 (6%) | 23 (6%) |
| Maternal tobacco use during pregnancy | 74 (23%) | 49 (16%) | 70 (19%) |
| Maternal illicit drug use during pregnancy | 31 (10%) | 23 (8%) | 29 (8%) |
| Caregiver FSIQ, Mean (SD) | 86.3 (13.1) | 86.1 (13.6) | 86.1 (13.7) |
| Caregiver FSIQ < 85 | 135 (46%) | 145 (49%) | 175 (48%) |
| Caregiver FSIQ < 70 | 28 (9%) | 27 (9%) | 36 (10%) |
| Any obstetric complication | 206 (59%) | 193 (56%) | 236 (56%) |
| Sexually transmitted infection (STI) during pregnancy | 129 (38%) | 116 (34%) | 145 (35%) |
| First CD4% during pregnancy ≤ 25% | 145 (45%) | 120 (41%) | 161 (44%) |
| Last CD4% prior to delivery ≤ 25% | 93 (29%) | 93 (32%) | 114 (32%) |
| First viral load during pregnancy > 400 | 199 (60%) | 195 (72%) | 241 (70%) |
| Last viral load prior to delivery > 400 | 62 (19%) | 86 (33%) | 104 (32%) |
Participants with missing data were excluded from the relevant calculations, as follows. WPPSI-III: race (12), ethnicity (1), number of people in home (4), prematurity (10), birth weight (2), caregiver identity (4), caregiver primary language (4), maternal age at delivery (4), household income (21), caregiver education (4), single parent (4), number of caregiver functional limitations (21), caregiver psychiatric disorder (22), caregiver postnatal substance abuse disorders (30), alcohol/tobacco/illicit substance use during pregnancy (37), caregiver FSIQ (66), obstetrical complications (11), STI during pregnancy (21), first /last CD4% during pregnancy (38), first/last RNA during pregnancy (29). WASI: race (9), number of people in home (1), prematurity (7), birth weight (1), caregiver identity (1), caregiver primary language (1), maternal age at delivery (11), household income (10), caregiver education (1), single parent (1), number of caregiver functional limitations (17), caregiver psychiatric disorder (31), caregiver postnatal substance abuse disorders (38), alcohol/tobacco/illicit substance use during pregnancy (62), caregiver FSIQ (64), obstetrical complications (15), STD during pregnancy (23), first /last CD4% during pregnancy (67), first/last RNA during pregnancy (90). WIAT-II-A: race (10), number of people in home (2), prematurity (13), birth weight (2), caregiver identity (2), caregiver primary language (1), maternal age at delivery (14), household income (12), caregiver education (1), single parent (1), number of caregiver functional limitations (18), caregiver psychiatric disorder (31), caregiver postnatal substance abuse disorders (39), alcohol/tobacco/illicit substance use during pregnancy (71), caregiver FSIQ (73), obstetrical complications (17), STD during pregnancy (29), first/last CD4% during pregnancy (75), first/last RNA during pregnancy (97).