Table 2. Adjusted Mean Cognitive and Academic Scores by Prenatal and Neonatal ARV Regimen Exposure in HIV-exposed Children with In Utero ARV Exposure.
| Cognitive/Academic Domain | Prenatal ARV Regimen | Neonatal ARV Regimen | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| cARV with PI | cARV with NNRTI (no PI) | Non-cARV | ZDV + Other ARV | ZDV Alone | ||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Adjusted Mean (SE) | p | Adjusted Mean (SE) | p | Adjusted Mean (SE) | p | Adjusted Mean (SE) | p | Adjusted Mean (SE) | p | |
| WPPSI-III (n = 350) | n = 236 (68%) | n = 56 (16%) | n = 57 (16%) | n = 26 (7%) | n = 324 (93%) | |||||
| Verbal IQ | 91.5 (1.6) | Ref. | 89.8 (2.2) | 0.37 | 88.9 (2.2) | 0.17 | 89.6 (2.8) | 0.61 | 90.9 (1.5) | Ref. |
| Performance IQ | 97.4 (1.9) | Ref. | 98.3 (2.6) | 0.67 | 94.8 (2.7) | 0.26 | 97.9 (3.4) | 0.81 | 97.2 (1.8) | Ref. |
|
| ||||||||||
| WASI (n = 337) | n = 157 (49%) | n = 50 (15%) | n = 117 (36%) | n = 45 (13%) | n = 291 (87%) | |||||
| Verbal IQ | 94.7 (2.4) | Ref. | 95.5 (2.9) | 0.73 | 94.1 (2.3) | 0.76 | 100.0 (2.8) | 0.004 | 93.6 (2.1) | Ref. |
| Performance IQ | 97.2 (1.6) | Ref. | 94.2 (2.2) | 0.12 | 96.7 (1.7) | 0.71 | 99.7 (2.2) | 0.08 | 96.6 (1.5) | Ref. |
|
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| WIAT-II-A (n = 415) | n = 197 (49%) | n = 72 (18%) | n = 133 (33%) | n = 50 (12%) | n = 364 (88%) | |||||
| Word Reading | 90.0 (2.3) | Ref. | 88.8 (2.8) | 0.61 | 89.8 (2.2) | 0.93 | 97.2 (3.0) | <0.001 | 88.9 (1.9) | Ref. |
| Spelling | 91.7 (2.3) | Ref. | 89.6 (2.9) | 0.37 | 91.0 (2.3) | 0.72 | 96.7 (3.0) | 0.01 | 90.3 (2.0) | Ref. |
| Numerical Operations | 91.3 (1.7) | Ref. | 90.1 (2.3) | 0.57 | 92.4 (1.6) | 0.58 | 95.9 (2.4) | 0.09 | 91.9 (1.3) | Ref. |
Note. Non-cARV regimens include monotherapy or dual therapy or three or more NRTIs. There were no significant differences in the unadjusted mean scores for participants taking three or four NRTIs versus other regimens. General linear regression models were adjusted for all child and maternal covariates with p < 0.10, as follows: WPPSI-III Verbal IQ (household income, caregiver FSIQ, alcohol use during pregnancy, and tobacco use during pregnancy); WPPSI-III Performance IQ (race, birth year, number of people in the household, maternal age at delivery, caregiver FSIQ, and alcohol use during pregnancy); WASI Verbal IQ (age at testing, child's primary language, number of people in the household, household income, caregiver FSIQ, illicit drug use during pregnancy, and maternal first CD4% during pregnancy); WASI Performance IQ (caregiver's primary language, caregiver FSIQ, caregiver postnatal substance abuse, and number of caregiver functional imitations); WIAT-II-A Word Reading (sex, age at testing, birth year, number of people in the household, caregiver FSIQ, alcohol use during pregnancy, and maternal last CD4% during pregnancy); WIAT-II-A Spelling (sex, age at testing, birth year, number of people in the household, caregiver FSIQ, alcohol use during pregnancy, and maternal last CD4% during pregnancy); WIAT-II-A Numerical Operations (age at testing, caregiver's primary language, and caregiver FSIQ). Participants with missing information about ARV regimens were excluded from the calculations of exposure prevalence, as follows: WPPSI-III (1), WASI (13), and WIAT-II-A (13). Participants with no exposure to neonatal ARV regimens were excluded from the analyses, as follows: WASI (1) And WI AT-II-A (1).