Table 3. Adjusted Mean Differences between Children Exposed In Utero versus Unexposed to Individual ARV Medications.
| Exposure during Pregnancy | WPPSI-III (N = 350) | WASI (N = 337) | WIAT-II-A (N = 415) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| VIQ | PIQ | VIQ | PIQ | Word Reading | Spelling | Numerical Operations | |
|
| |||||||
| Zidovudine | -3.5 | -1.8 | 1.9 | -3.7 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.7 |
| Lamivudine | -1.6 | 0.5 | 3.0 | -0.7 | 2.9 | 1.1 | 1.7 |
| Abacavir | 0.3 | -0.5 | -4.6 | -1.3 | 0.1 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
| Tenofovir | 3.2 | 4.7* | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Stavudine | 3.7 | 2.6 | -3.2 | -0.6 | -4.1 | -3.4 | -4.1 |
| Didanosine | 1.4 | 1.1 | -4.3 | 0.3 | -2.5 | 0.6 | -4.4 |
| Emtricitabine | 1.9 | 3.4 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nevirapine | -1.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | -2.3 | -0.9 | -2.3 | -1.2 |
| Nelfinavir | -0.7 | -0.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.7 | -0.8 |
| Indinavir | --- | --- | -1.4 | -0.7 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 2.7 |
| Atazanavir | 4.0 | 5.8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lopinavir/RTV | 1.3 | -0.6 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ritonavir | 2.3 | 0.3 | -4.9 | -2.8 | 0.6 | -2.4 | -1.7 |
|
| |||||||
| Neonatal Prophylaxis | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| ZDV with another ARV (vs ZDV alone) | -1.3 | 0.7 | 6.4* | 3.1 | 8.3* | 6.4* | 3.9 |
p < 0.05
Note. “---” indicates the ARV was not evaluated because too few children (< 5%) were exposed to it. General linear regression models were adjusted for all child and maternal covariates with p < 0.10, as follows: WPPSI-III Verbal IQ (household income, caregiver FSIQ, alcohol use during pregnancy, and tobacco use during pregnancy); WPPSI-III Performance IQ (race, birth year, number of people in the household, maternal age at delivery, caregiver FSIQ, and alcohol use during pregnancy); WASI Verbal IQ (age at testing, child's primary language, number of people in the household, household income, caregiver FSIQ, illicit drug use during pregnancy, and maternal first CD4% during pregnancy); WASI Performance IQ (caregiver's primary language, caregiver FSIQ, caregiver postnatal substance abuse, and number of caregiver functional imitations); WIAT-II-A Word Reading (sex, age at testing, birth year, number of people in the household, caregiver FSIQ, alcohol use during pregnancy, and maternal last CD4% during pregnancy); WIAT-II-A Spelling (sex, age at testing, birth year, number of people in the household, caregiver FSIQ, alcohol use during pregnancy, and maternal last CD4% during pregnancy); WIAT-II-A Numerical Operations (age at testing, caregiver's primary language, and caregiver FSIQ). Participants with missing information about ARV regimens were excluded from the calculations of exposure prevalence, as follows: WPPSI-III (1), WASI (13), and WIAT-II-A (13).