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. 2014 Oct 11;9(1):566. doi: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-566

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Copyright © 2014 Nam et al.; licensee Springer.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.

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Micrographs of osteoblast differentiation. (a and b) Osteoblasts on the polyaniline nanoprotrusion structure surface (PNS). (a) Before differentiation. (b) Seven days after addition of differentiation medium. (c and d) Osteoblasts on the tissue culture plate (TCP). (c) Before differentiation. (d) Seven days after addition of differentiation medium. The scale bars in (a) and (c) are 30 μm, and those in (b) and (d) are 15 μm. The bottom graphs show the relative expression levels of the COL-1, ALP and Runx2 osteoblast markers.