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Sources of variability in adult ethanol pharmacokinetics.
| Parameter | Mechanism | Corresponding covariates |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | Gastric motility | Fed state, concomitant medications, tobacco |
| Distribution | Negligible protein binding, correlation to total body water | Age, sex, body weight |
| Metabolism | Enzymatic polymorphism of ADH and ALDH | Ethnicity, sex |
| Induction of metabolism by CYP2E1 | Frequency of ethanol consumption |
ADH = alcohol dehydrogenase; ALDH = aldehyde dehydrogenase; CYP = cytochrome P450.
