Both human and mouse CML-CP stem cells show high Evi1 expression. (a) BM cells from two CML-CP patients were single-cell sorted into CD34+CD38–CD90+ (n=21 for case 1, n=12 for case 2), CD34+CD38+ (n=24 for case 1, n=25 for case 2) and CD34–CD33+ fractions (n=11 for both cases) and EVI1 was evaluated by quantitative real-time–PCR. Ct value was shown. (b) Ratio of EVI1-positive or -negative cells in each fraction from two CML cases. Ct=30 was set as a threshold value of EVI1 positivity. (c) Relative EVI1 expression found to be upreguated in BM samples from advanced phase (AP, BC) disease compared with those from CP of CML. Microarray data from Radich et al.1 (n=6 for normal samples, n=42 for CML-CP, n=15 for CML-AP and n=36 for CML-BC). (d) Experimental design of Evi1-reporter CML-CP mice. 5FU-primed Evi1+/GFP BM cells with retroviral BCR–ABL were transplanted into lethally irradiated recipient mice. (e) Representative FCM data of BM cells from Evi1-reporter CML-CP mice. In BCR–ABL (KuOr)-positive BM cells, Gr-1– CML cells had GFP-positive population, while almost Gr-1+ CML cells showed low GFP intensity (upper). When BCR–ABL (KuOr)-positive BM cells were analyzed with lineage markers, Sca-1 and c-kit, LSK population showed the highest GFP intensity (lower). (f) GFP-positive rates of stem/progenitor fractions and BM cells in Evi1-reporter CML-CP mice were shown (n=5). Data are mean±s.d. **P<0.001.