Table 4.
Modelling effect of year and socioeconomic factors on vaccination uptake: risk ratios (95% confidence intervals)
| Categories | Model 11 73 practices n = 66140 records3 | Model 21 73 practices n = 66140 records3 | Model 31 42 practices2 n = 29731 records3 | Model 41 42 practices2 n = 29731 records3 | Model 51 42 practices2 n = 29731 records3 |
| Year | |||||
| 1997 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1998 | 1.06 (1.02,1.09) | 1.05 (1.02,1.09) | 1.08 (1.03,1.13) | 1.07 (1.03,1.12) | 1.08 (1.03,1.13) |
| 1999 | 1.09 (1.05,1.14) | 1.09 (1.05,1.14) | 1.10 (1.04,1.16) | 1.09 (1.03,1.16) | 1.09 (1.04,1.15) |
| 2000 | 1.33 (1.25,1.42) | 1.33 (1.25,1.42) | 1.32 (1.22,1.43) | 1.32 (1.22,1.42) | 1.32 (1.22,1.42) |
| p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.89 (0.87,0.91) | 0.89 (0.87,0.91) | 0.89 (0.87,0.92) | 0.88 (0.86,0.91) | 0.90 (0.87,0.92) |
| p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | |
| Current age (years) | |||||
| Under 80 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 80–84 | 1.01 (0.98,1.04) | 1.01 (0.98,1.04) | 1.01 (0.97,1.05) | 1.02 (0.98,1.07) | 1.02 (0.98,1.06) |
| 85 or more | 0.92 (0.88,0.96) | 0.92 (0.88,0.96) | 0.89 (0.83,0.94) | 0.91 (0.85,0.96) | 0.89 (0.84,0.94) |
| p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | |
| Carstairs quintiles (deprivation) | |||||
| Least | Not in model | 1.00 | Not in model | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Second | 1.00 (0.95,1.05) | 1.04 (0.97,1.12) | 1.05 (0.97,1.13) | ||
| Mid | 0.98 (0.92,1.05) | 1.01 (0.93,1.10) | 1.03 (0.94,1.13) | ||
| Fourth | 0.95 (0.84,1.08) | 0.98 (0.84,1.16) | 0.99 (0.83,1.18) | ||
| Most | 0.82 (0.73,0.93) | 0.82 (0.72,0.94) | 0.85 (0.70,1.05) | ||
| p = 0.011 | p =< 0.001 | p = 0.10 | |||
| Population density category (people per sq km) | |||||
| -250 | Not in model | 1.00 | Not in model | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| -1000 | 0.91 (0.80,1.03) | 0.99 (0.84,1.16) | 0.99 (0.83,1.17) | ||
| -2500 | 0.99 (0.88,1.11) | 1.08 (0.93,1.26) | 1.10 (0.94,1.30) | ||
| >2500 | 1.04 (0.91,1.19) | 1.13 (0.96,1.32) | 1.14 (0.95,1.36) | ||
| p = 0.30 | p = 0.36 | p = 0.27 | |||
| Individual socioeconomic position4 | |||||
| Not in model | Not in model | Not in model | Not in model | ||
| A | 1.00 | ||||
| B | 0.94 (0.89,0.98) | ||||
| C | 1.03 (0.96,1.11) | ||||
| p = 0.018 | |||||
1. P-values for contribution of whole factor to the model; modified Wald test. Generalised estimating equations based on Poisson regression with robust standard errors calculated at the practice level. Models all factors shown. 2. Individual socioeconomic information was only available in a subset of the practices because of the nature of the interventions 3. There was one record per person per year of eligibility for inclusion in the vaccination analysis 4. A = owner occupier with central heating. B = three categories combined because very similar in uptake: owner-occupier without central heating, renter with central heating, renter without central heating; C = supported housing