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. 2014 Nov 3;5:545. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00545

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Copyright © 2014 Kitazawa and Fujimoto.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Examples of flowers showing abnormal organ numbers. (A) Homeotic transformation in Eranthis pinnatifida (Ranunculaceae). A typical flower with five tepals (left) and an abnormal flower with four tepals (right). The arrowhead indicates an organ with intermediate morphology between tepal and nectary. (B) Merosity variation in Hepatica nobilis (Ranunculaceae). The flower with three bracts has six tepals consisting of two trimerous (three-leaved) whorls (left), whereas the flower with four bracts has eight tepals consisting of two tetramerous (four-leaved) whorls (right). (C) Flower with large number of organs. An abnormal E. pinnatifida flower (top) has two clusters of pistils indicated by arrowheads, implying the fusion of two flowers. The abnormal flower of Myosotis sp. (Boraginaceae) with 13 petals has a skewed center, in contrast to the circular center of the normal flower with five petals (bottom).