Table 2.
Comparing lone actors by network connectivity.
| Individuals Without Command and Control Links (n = 87) (%) | Individuals With Command and Control Links (n = 21) (%) | Isolated Dyads (n = 11) (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Based in the United States | 55.2*** | 4.8*** | 36.4 |
| Previous military experience | 31*** | 4.8** | 9.1 |
| Previous criminal conviction | 47.1** | 19** | 36.4 |
| Held a PhD | 2.3 | 0 | 18.2** |
| Lived alone | 40.2 | 38.1 | 9.1** |
| Lived away from home when ideology adopted | 23 | 42.9* | 27.3 |
| Received training | 20.7 | 33.3 | 0* |
| Learnt through virtual sources | 40.2*** | 66.7* | 72.7* |
| History of mental illness | 35.6** | 19 | 9.1 |
| Socially isolated | 57.5* | 33.3* | 45.5 |
| Recently joined a wider group/movement | 27.6** | 47.6 | 45.5 |
| Noticeable increase in religiosity | 23*** | 61.9*** | 27.3 |
| Family/close associates involved in political violence/crime | 27.6*** | 57.1** | 63.6** |
| Interacted face-to-face with wider network | 39.1*** | 61.9 | 90.3*** |
| Interacted virtually with wider network | 28.7*** | 57.1** | 63.6* |
| Others helped procure weaponry | 17.2*** | 38.1* | 45.5* |
| Others helped build IED | 6.9*** | 33.3*** | 27.3 |
| Others aware of individual’s planning | 42.5*** | 100*** | 100*** |
| Attempted to recruit others | 27.6** | 33.3 | 81.8*** |
| Consumed propaganda from a wider movement | 65.5* | 85.7* | 72.7 |
| Al-Qaeda related | 33.3*** | 76.2*** | 63.6 |
| Single issue | 23** | 4.8* | 0 |
| Right wing | 39.1** | 9.5** | 36.4 |
| Successfully executed an attack | 57.5** | 33.3* | 27.3 |
*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01.