Table 1.
Sociodemographic data (relative to mother and child): comparisons based on ANOVA, logistic regression (in bold)
| AN (N = 193) | BN (N = 158) | Unexposed (N = 8,271) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal variables | |||
| Maternal age at delivery (years), mean (SD) | 29.5** (4.9) | 28.4 (4.3) | 28.7 (4.6) |
| Parity (multiparous) | 52.1% | 51.6% | 54.4% |
| (OR, 95% CI) | (0.9, 0.7–1.2) | (0.9, 0.6–1.2) | Ref. |
| Ethnicity (white) | 97.3% | 98.0% | 98.2% |
| (OR, 95% CI) | (0.7, 0.3–1.7) | (0.9, 0.3–2.9) | Ref. |
| Education (A-level and degree vs. up to GCSE) | 54.0%*** | 39.6% | 39.3% |
| (OR, 95% CI) | (1.8, 1.3–2.4) | (1.0, 0.7–1.4) | Ref. |
| EPDS in pregnancy mean (SD) | 9.3*** (6.1) | 8.8*** (5.5) | 6.5 (4.7) |
| CCEI in pregnancy, mean (SD) | 19.2*** (9.5) | 19.7*** (9.1) | 14.3 (7.7) |
| Child variables | |||
| Child gender (male),% | 52.3% | 49.4% | 51.3% |
| (OR, 95% CI) | (1.0, 0.8–1.4) | (0.9, 0.7–1.3) | Ref. |
| Birthweight (in grams), mean (SD) | 3414 (517) | 3508 (500) | 3443 (526) Ref. |
| Gestational age, mean (SD) | 39.6 (1.8) | 39.7 (1.6) | 39.5 (1.8) Ref. |
| Difficult temperament, mean (SD) | 89.3 (20.4) | 89.1 (19.8) | 86.2 (20.0) |
| Developmental score, mean (SD) | 64.5 (10.1) | 65.2 (8.1) | 64.9 (7.6) |
| No of life events: none, n (%) | 42 (21.5%) | 26 (16.0%) | 2,519 (29.7%) |
| 1–3, n (%) | 132 (67.7%) | 121 (74.2%) | 5,426 (64.0%) |
| OR (95% CI) | 1.4* (1.0–2.1) | 2.2*** (1.4–3.3) | Ref. |
| 4–15, n (%) | 21 (10.7%) | 16 (9.8%) | 526 (6.2%) |
| OR (95% CI) | 2.4*** (1.4–4.1) | 2.9*** (1.6–5.5) | Ref. |
OR, Odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; CCEI, Crown Crisp Experiential Inventory.
*p < .05; **p ≤ .01, ***p < .001 for comparisons between groups and the General Population.