Table 1.

Error classification.

Type of Error	Explanation	Example	Scoring
(1) Items are not matching the category	The stated item cannot be considered a category member	‘Jungle’ as a response to the semantic category ‘plants’	Item is excluded (error)
(2) Items do not exist	The stated item cannot be found in the German dictionary *	‘Passion fruit-tree’ as response to the semantic category ‘plants’	Item is excluded (error)
(3a) Repetition within the same task sequence	An item is stated twice during responding to a category	-	Item is only counted once as correct (repetition)
(3b) Item represents a superordinate category of other items	One stated item can be considered as a superordinate category of other stated items, which are subordinates	‘Tree’ in response to the semantic category ‘plants’; than naming different kind of trees, e.g., ‘linden’, ‘oak tree’ etc.	Superordinate item is excluded; subordinate items are counted as correct (repetition or repetition between task sequence)
(4) Repetition between task sequences	In the second sequence, an item is stated, which has already been mentioned in the first sequence in response to the same category	‘Laugh’ in response to the emotional category ‘joy’ on both the first and the second task sequence	Item is excluded on the second task sequence (repetition between task sequence)

Notes: * Dudenredaktion (Hrsg.): Duden 01. Die deutsche Rechtschreibung. 25.Auflage. Band 1, Bibliographisches Institut (Dudenverlag), Mannheim/Wien/Zürich 2009.