Table 4. CD phenotype stratified by the FOXO3A rs12212067 genotype in CD patients carrying none of the three NOD2 mutations analyzed (NOD2 wild-type).
| FOXO3A rs12212067 | (1) | (2) | (1) vs. (2) | (1) vs. (2) | (1) vs. (2) |
| genotype status | TT/NOD2 | GG/TG/NOD2 | p value | OR | 95% CI |
| wild-type | wild-type | ||||
| n = 219 | n = 71 | ||||
| Male sex (n = 290) | 94 (43%) | 36 (50.7%) | 0.253 | 0.73 | 0.43–1.25 |
| Age at diagnosis (yrs, n = 280, based on median OR+CI for > median) | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 28.8 ± 12.1 | 26.4 ± 10.8 | 0.374 | 1.28 | 0.74–2.22 |
| Range | (6–70) | (4–57) | |||
| Disease duration (yrs, n = 262, based on median OR+CI for > median) | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 14.5±9.4 | 16.4±9.4 | |||
| Range | (0–42) | (1–40) | 0.148 | 1.53 | 0.86–2.71 |
| Body mass index (n = 223, based on median OR+CI for > median) | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 23.3±4.0 | 23.2±3.8 | 0.962 | 0.99 | 0.53–1.82 |
| Range | (15.6–33.6) | (16.5–31.9) | |||
| Age at diagnosis | (n = 213) | (n = 67) | |||
| ≤16 years (A1) | 25 (11.7%) | 8 (11.9%) | 0.964 | 0.98 | 0.42–2.29 |
| 17–40 years (A2) | 155 (72.8%) | 52 (77.6%) | 0.432 | 0.77 | 0.40–1.47 |
| >40 years (A3) | 33 (15.5%) | 7 (10.5%) | 0.307 | 1.57 | 0.66–3.74 |
| Location (n = 280) | |||||
| (n = 211) | (n = 69) | ||||
| Terminal ileum (L1) | 33 (15.6%) | 6 (8.7%) | 0.154 | 1.95 | 0.78–4.87 |
| Colon (L2) | 28 (13.3%) | 12 (17.4%) | 0.397 | 0.73 | 0.35–1.52 |
| Ileocolon (L3) | 145 (68.7%) | 51 (73.9%) | 0.415 | 0.78 | 0.42–1.43 |
| Upper GI (L4) | 5 (2.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0.502 | 1.30 | 0.61–2.76 |
| Any ileal involvement | 178 (84.4%) | 57 (82.6%) | 0.731 | 1.14 | 0.55–2.34 |
| (L1+L3) | |||||
| Behaviour 1 (n = 269) | |||||
| (n = 204) | (n = 65) | ||||
| Non-stricturing, Non-penetrat. (B1) | 55 (27%) | 21 (32.3%) | 0.550 | 0.83 | 0.46–1.52 |
| Stricturing (B2) | 52 (25.5%) | 14 (21.5%) | 0.289 | 1.42 | 0.74–2.72 |
| Penetrating (B3) | 97 (47.5%) | 30 (46.2%) | 0.675 | 0.89 | 0.51–1.56 |
| Use of immunosuppressive agents 2 (n = 278) | |||||
| (n = 209) | (n = 69) | ||||
| 167 (79%) | 54 (78.3%) | 0.77 | 1.10 | 0.57–2.15 | |
| Surgery because of CD 3 (n = 261) | |||||
| (n = 196) | (n = 65) | ||||
| 108 (55%) | 37 (56.9%) | 0.266 | 0.93 | 0.53–1.64 | |
| Fistulas (n = 266) | |||||
| (n = 201) | (n = 65) | ||||
| 97 (48%) | 30 (46.1%) | 0.768 | 1.09 | 0.62–1.91 | |
| Perianal fistulas (n = 266) | |||||
| 23/201 (11.4%) | 6/65 (9.2%) | 0.603 | 1.29 | 0.50–3.31 | |
| Stenoses (n = 268) | |||||
| (n = 204) | (n = 64) | ||||
| 126 (62.1%) | 36 (56.3%) | 0.432 | 1.26 | 0.71–2.22 | |
Group (1): CD patients carrying the rs12212067 T variant in homozygous form (219 patients with the TT genotype and no further NOD2 mutant), group (2): CD patients with the FOXO3A rs12212067 GG or TG genotype and no further NOD2 mutation.
1
According to the Montreal classification, a stricturing disease phenotype was defined as the presence of a stenosis without penetrating disease. The diagnosis of stenoses was made surgically, endoscopically, or radiologically (using MR enteroclysis).
2
Immunosuppressive agents included azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, infliximab, and/or adalimumab.
3
Only surgery related to CD-specific problems (e.g., ileocecal resection, fistulectomy, colectomy, and ileostomy) was included.