. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Trauma Stress. 2014 May 12;27(3):249–256. doi: 10.1002/jts.21914

Table 3.

ANOVA and Pairwise Comparisons of Main Study Variables by Trajectory Class

				Trajectory Class

		Total sample		MI-R		HI-R		MI-MS		CD
Variable	n	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	η²
Race	660	.69	.46	.67_a	.47	.76_b	.43	.52_c	.51	.73_abc	.47	.02^**
Age	660	20.02	2.59	19.98_a	2.65	20.26_a	2.81	19.46_a	0.93	19.92_a	1.12	.01
Prior trauma	660	2.92	2.51	2.22_a	2.12	3.98_b	2.70	4.16_b	2.68	5.36_bc	2.50	.13^***
T1 EA	660	2.49	1.09	2.19_a	0.95	2.87_b	1.08	3.18_b	1.16	4.21_c	1.23	.15^***
Shooting exposure	660	.08	.27	.03_a	.18	.13_b	.34	.14_c	.35	.46_c	.52	.07^***
Time interval	660	3.68	2.39	3.81_a	2.44	3.36_b	2.18	3.58_b	2.60	4.73 _b	2.41	.01
T2 strategies	660	1.95	0.82	1.61_a	0.59	2.46_b	0.79	2.48_c	0.89	3.34_c	0.74	.68^***
T2 clarity	660	2.35	0.93	1.95_a	0.73	2.95_b	0.83	3.18_bc	0.88	3.44_c	0.72	.32^***
T1 PTS	620	2.72	3.67	1.44_a	2.51	4.07_b	3.74	6.41_c	4.77	10.18_d	5.14	.26^***
T2 PTS	654	6.14	4.81	3.23 _a	2.72	10.98_bc	3.03	10.04_c	4.59	12.66_c	5.01	.60^***
T3 PTS	562	1.90	3.02	0.69 _a	3.02	2.57_b	2.61	6.93_c	4.40	11.50_d	3.24	.51^***
T4 PTS	562	1.53	2.76	0.58 _a	1.18	1.87_b	2.12	6.16_c	4.46	12.38_d	2.20	.52^***
T5 PTS	558	1.19	2.63	0.46_a	1.25	1.39_b	2.35	5.05_c	4.40	11.67_d	5.01	.39^***
T6 PTS	551	0.97	2.21	0.39_a	0.95	0.79_b	1.20	4.73_c	3.34	12.71_d	3.30	.61^***
T7 PTS	526	0.90	2.11	0.35_a	0.97	0.76_b	1.15	4.74_c	3.29	12.60_d	4.39	.58^***

Note. Race = White and Non-Hispanic versus all others; Prior trauma = count of prior exposure to potentially traumatic events reported at T1; Time interval = weeks elapsed between the mass shooting and T2; Means in the Trajectory Class columns with different subscripts differ significantly at p < .05.

MI-R = minimal impact-resilience; HIR = high impact-recovery; MI-MS = moderate impact-moderate symptoms; CD = chronic dysfunction T1 = Time 1; T2 = Time 2; T3 = Time 3; T4 = Time 4; T5 = Time 5; T6 = Time 6; T7 = Time 7; Age = age in weeks at T2; EA = experiential avoidance; strategies = T2 Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - Limited Access to Strategies for Regulation subscale; clarity = T2 Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - Lack of Emotional Clarity subscale; PTS = posttraumatic stress.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.