Table 2. Cox Proportional Hazards analysis of variables associated with death of cirrhotic patients with diabetes.
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age, per 10 years | 1.59 (1.25-2.02) | 0.0001 | 1.29 (0.91-1.81) | 0.15 |
| Male | 1.77 (1.11-2.82) | 0.02 | 1.51 (0.78-2.92) | 0.22 |
| Race | ||||
| Non-white | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| White | 2.33 (0.85-6.40) | 0.10 | ||
| BMI | 0.25 (0.04-1.54) | 0.14 | ||
| Obesity | 1.35 (0.85-2.10) | 0.20 | ||
| Etiology of cirrhosis | 0.01 | 0.03 | ||
| HBV | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| HCV | 1.37 (0.17-10.77) | 0.39 (0.04-3.52) | ||
| Alcoholic liver disease | 3.86 (0.51-29.25) | 2.29 (0.29-18.27) | ||
| NASH | 1.32 (0.18-9.69) | 0.97 (0.13-7.53) | ||
| Others | 1.42 (0.16-12.77) | 0.71 (0.07-7.57) | ||
| MELD score | 1.08 (1.02-1.13) | 0.0067 | 1.01 (0.93-1.09) | 0.82 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| AST level | 1.0 (0.996-1.004) | 0.97 | ||
| ALT level | 0.998 (0.994-1.002) | 0.41 | ||
| Loge Bilirubin | 1.39 (1.07-1.82) | 0.015 | ||
| Albumin | 0.53 (0.36-0.77) | 0.001 | 0.53 (0.28-1.01) | 0.06 |
| Platelets | 1.001 (0.998-1.004) | 0.56 | ||
| INR | 1.27 (0.54-2.98) | 0.59 | ||
| Creatinine | 2.70 (1.51-4.87) | 0.0009 | ||
| Fasting plasma glucose, | 0.998 (0.994-1.003) | 0.47 | ||
| AFP, per 10 ng/mL† | 1.13 (1.09-1.17) | <0.0001 | 1.13 (1.07-1.18) | <0.0001 |
| Continuing metformin after cirrhosis diagnosis | 0.43 (0.28-0.66) | 0.0001 | 0.43 (0.24-0.78) | 0.005 |
*
MELD was included in this model rather than bilirubin, INR and creatinine.
†
AFP of >200 ng/mL was coded as 200 ng/mL.