Table 2.

Overview of assessment instruments in the reviewed studies

Assessment instrument		General use	Reference
ABAS	Adaptive behavior assessment system	Assessment of adaptive behaviour and skills necessary for daily living, for individuals from birth to 89 years. Thirteen scales are organised in three general areas: conceptual, social, practical. Versions for self- and different proxy-reports are available.	Harrison, PL, Oakland, T (2003). Adaptive Behavior Assessment System - Second Edition. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
BAI	Beck anxiety inventory	Assessment of severity of anxiety of individuals aged from 17 to 80 years. Consists of 21 multiple choice questions for self-report.	Beck, A, Steer, R (1993). Manual for the Beck Anxiety Inventory. San Antonio, Texas, USA: The Psychological Corporation Harchourt Brace & Company; 1993.
BASC	Behavior assessment system for children	Assessment of behaviour and self-perception of children aged from 2 years 6 months to 18 years. Teacher-, parent- and self-report versions available.	Reynolds CR, Kamphaus RW: Behavior assessment system for children. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service 1992.
BDI	Beck depression inventory	Assessment of severity of depression of individuals aged from 13 to 80 years. Consists of 21 multiple choice questions for self-report.	Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J: An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961, 4:561–571.
BYI	Beck youth inventory	Consisting of five inventories (anger, anxiety, depression, disruptive behaviour, self-concept) for children and adolescents aged from 7 to 17 years. Each inventory consists of 20 questions for self-report.	Beck, J, Beck, A, Jolly, J (2001). Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment. San Antonio, Texas USA: The Psychological Corporation.
CBCL	Child behaviour check list	Ratings of behavioural, emotional and social functioning of children and adolescents aged from 1 year 6 month to 18 years. Behaviours are categorized into internalising problem scales (e.g. anxiety, somatic complaints) and externalising problem scales (e.g. aggressive behaviour, attention problems). The CBCL is for parent-report, a teacher-report form (TRF) and a youth-report form (YRF) are available.	Achenbach, TM, & Rescorla, LA (2000). Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
KINDL	Revised questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life in children and adolescents	Generic instrument to assess health-related quality of life in children and adolescents aged from 3 to 17 years. Version for three age groups are available (Kiddy-, Kid-, Kiddo-KINDL), each in self- and proxy-rating. Dimensions: psychological well-being, social relationships, physical function, everyday life activities.	Ravens-Sieberer U, Bullinger M: Assessing health-related quality of life in chronically ill children with the German KINDL: first psychometric and content analytical results. Qual Life Res 1998, 7:399–407.
K-SADS	Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children	Semi-structured interview to make DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV) diagnoses in children and adolescents from aged from 6 to 16 years. Answers from parents and children are both considered.	Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P, Williamson D, Ryan N: Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997, 36:980–988.
PedsQL	Pediatric quality of life inventory	Assessment of health-related quality of life in children and adolescents aged from 2 to 18 years. Can be used in healthy individuals (generic module) and in those with health conditions (additional disease-specific modules). Self- and proxy-report versions are available. Consists of 23 items forming the generic module. Disease-specific modules are available e.g. for asthma, diabetes, cancer. Scales: Physical, emotional, social and school functioning.	Varni JW, Seid M, Rode CA: The PedsQL: measurement model for the pediatric quality of life inventory. Med Care 1999, 37:126–139.
SCID	Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV	Semi-structured interview to make DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV) diagnoses in adults, version for children is available.	First MB, Spitzer, RL, Gibbon, M, Williams, JBW: Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV_TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-Patient Edition. New York, NY: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 2002.
SDQ	Strengths and difficulties questionnaire	Instrument to screen behavioural strengths and difficulties in children and adolescents aged from 3–16 years. Parent- or teacher-report, available in self-report for 11–16 year olds. 25 Items for 5 scales: emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviour.	Goodman R: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1997, 38:581–586.
Vineland	Vineland adaptive behavior scale	Assessment of adaptive behaviour and skills necessary for daily living from birth to 90 years. Scales refer to functions necessary for daily living and are organised in three main areas: Communication, daily living skills, socialization. Self-, caregiver- and teacher-rating forms are available.	Sparrow SS, Cicchetti, DV, Balla, DA: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing; 2005.
WHOQOL-100	World health organisation quality of life assessment	Instrument to assess subjective quality of life in adults. Self- and proxy-report version available. Dimensions: physical, psychological, independence, social, environment, religion/spirituality.	The WHOQOL Group: The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): development and general psychometric properties. Soc Sci Med 1998, 46:1569–1585.