Table 1.
Distribution and conditional risk of DSM-IV/CIDI PTSD associated with exposure to the 29 types of traumatic experience (TE) assessed in the WMH Surveys (N=47,566)
| Proportion of all TE exposures | Conditional risk of PTSD | Proportion of all PTSD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | |
| Exposed to organized violence | |||
| Civilian in war zone | 1.4 (0.1) | 1.3 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.2) |
| Civilian in region of terror | 1.0 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.6) | 0.4 (0.1) |
| Relief worker in war zone | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.1 (0.1) |
| Refugee | 0.7 (0.1) | 4.5 (2.0) | 0.8 (0.4) |
| Kidnapped | 0.4 (0.1) | 11.0 (3.0) | 1.0 (0.3) |
| Any | 3.9 (0.2) | 2.9 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.5) |
| Participated in organized violence | |||
| Combat experience | 1.0 (0.1) | 3.6 (0.8) | 0.9 (0.2) |
| Witnessed death/serious injury or discovered dead body | 16.2 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.3) | 5.3 (1.0) |
| Saw atrocities | 2.7 (0.3) | 5.4 (4.1) | 3.7 (2.8) |
| Accidentally caused death/serious injury | 0.7 (0.1) | 2.8 (1.0) | 0.5 (0.2) |
| Purposefully caused death/serious injury | 0.7 (0.1) | 4.0 (3.1) | 0.7 (0.5) |
| Any | 21.3 (0.6) | 2.1 (0.6) | 11.2 (3.1) |
| Interpersonal violence | |||
| Witnessed physical fights at home as a child | 2.4 (0.1) | 3.9 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.4) |
| Childhood physical abuse | 2.7 (0.1) | 5.0 (1.0) | 3.4 (0.7) |
| Beaten by someone else (not spouse/partner) | 3.3 (0.2) | 2.5 (0.6) | 2.1 (0.5) |
| Mugged or threatened with weapon | 8.2 (0.3) | 1.8 (0.4) | 3.8 (0.8) |
| Any | 16.6 (0.4) | 2.8 (0.3) | 11.5 (1.3) |
| Sexual-relationship violence | |||
| Beaten by spouse/partner | 1.4 (0.1) | 11.7 (1.3) | 4.1 (0.5) |
| Raped | 1.8 (0.1) | 19.0 (2.2) | 8.4 (1.0) |
| Sexually assaulted | 3.2 (0.2) | 10.5 (1.5) | 8.4 (1.2) |
| Stalked | 2.9 (0.2) | 7.6 (2.0) | 5.4 (1.4) |
| Other event | 1.4 (0.1) | 9.1 (1.0) | 3.1 (0.4) |
| “Private event” (see text) | 1.5 (0.1) | 9.2 (1.1) | 3.5 (0.4) |
| Any | 12.1 (0.3) | 10.9 (0.8) | 32.9 (2.1) |
| Other life-threatening TEs | |||
| Life-threatening illness | 5.1 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.4) |
| Life-threatening motor vehicle accident | 6.2 (0.2) | 2.6 (0.4) | 4.1 (0.7) |
| Other life-threatening accident | 3.0 (0.2) | 4.9 (2.3) | 3.7 (1.8) |
| Natural disaster | 3.9 (0.4) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.1) |
| Toxic chemical exposure | 3.5 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) |
| Other man-made disaster | 1.9 (0.2) | 2.9 (1.3) | 1.4 (0.7) |
| Any | 23.7 (0.6) | 2.0 (0.4) | 12.0 (2.1) |
| Network traumatic experiences | |||
| Unexpected death of loved one | 16.8 (0.4) | 5.4 (0.5) | 22.6 (1.9) |
| Life-threatening illness of child | 3.3 (0.1) | 4.8 (0.6) | 4.0 (0.5) |
| Other traumatic experience of loved one | 2.4 (0.2) | 5.1 (1.3) | 3.1 (0.8) |
| Any | 22.5 (0.4) | 5.3 (0.4) | 29.7 (2.0) |
| Total | 100.0 | 4.0 (0.2) | 100.0 |
CIDI – Composite International Diagnostic Interview, PTSD – post-traumatic stress disorder, WMH – World Mental Health