Table 1.
Characteristics of physically healthy psychosis spectrum and non-spectrum youths
| Psychosis spectrum | Non-spectrum | Test | df | Result | p | Cohen's d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 954 (20.0) | 3894 (80.0) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Gender (% male) | 47.9 | 45.0 | Chi-square | 1 | χ2=2.5 | n.s. | - |
| Age (mean±SD) | 15.2±2.7 | 15.8±2.7 | ANOVA | 1,4846 | F=31.9 | 0.001 | −0.22 |
| Ethnicity (% European American) | 37.7 | 58.1 | Chi-square | 1 | χ2=127.5 | 0.001 | - |
| WRAT-4 Reading standard score (mean±SD) | 97.9±17.2 | 103.6±16.9 | ANOVA | 1,4832 | F=86.1 | 0.001 | −0.32 |
| Parental education | |||||||
| Mother (years, mean±SD) | 13.8±2.3 | 14.5±2.4 | ANOVA | 1,4783 | F=70.8 | 0.001 | −0.29 |
| Father (years, mean±SD) | 13.4±2.5 | 14.4±2.7 | ANOVA | 1,4437 | F=93.1 | 0.001 | −0.38 |
| PRIME Screen-Revised | |||||||
| Proband total (mean±SD) | 21.4±12.9 | 4.3±6.1 | ANOVA | 1,4846 | F=3557.2 | 0.001 | 2.16 |
| Proband z (mean±SD) | 1.3±1.2 | −0.4±0.6 | ANOVA | 1,4809 | F=3565.5 | 0.001 | 2.25 |
| Collateral total (mean±SD) | 4.2±8.1 | 1.6±4.7 | ANOVA | 1,3652 | F=128.6 | 0.001 | 0.61 |
| Proband-collateral pair total difference (mean±SD) | 19.1±12.2 | 4.8±6.3 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Threshold psychotic symptoms (%) | 20.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hallucinations (%) | 17.9 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Delusions (%) | 11.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) | |||||||
| Total (mean±SD) | 5.1±4.7 | 1.6±1.8 | ANOVA | 1,4669 | F=1347.4 | 0.001 | 1.33 |
| z (mean±SD) | 0.9±1.5 | −0.3±0.6 | ANOVA | 1,4820 | F=1430.0 | 0.001 | 1.40 |
| Trouble with focus/attention (mean±SD) | 1.69±1.3 | 0.8±1.0 | ANOVA | 1,4757 | F=489.7 | 0.001 | 0.84 |
| Experience of emotions and self (mean±SD) | 0.6±1.1 | 0.1±0.4 | ANOVA | 1,4803 | F=595.4 | 0.001 | 0.83 |
| Expression of emotion (mean±SD) | 1.0±1.2 | 0.3±0.7 | ANOVA | 1,4740 | F=447.0 | 0.001 | 0.85 |
| Avolition (mean±SD) | 0.7±1.2 | 0.1±0.4 | ANOVA | 1,4795 | F=646.1 | 0.001 | 0.94 |
| Disorganized communication (mean±SD) | 0.5±0.9 | 0.1±0.4 | ANOVA | 1,4806 | F=410.7 | 0.001 | 0.75 |
| Occupational functioning (mean±SD) | 0.7±1.2 | 0.1±0.5 | ANOVA | 1,4789 | F=490.9 | 0.001 | 0.86 |
| Children's Global Assessment Scale, current (mean±SD) | 70.8±13.4 | 81.4±10.5 | ANOVA | 1,4807 | F=697.6 | 0.001 | −0.95 |
WRAT-4 – Wide Range Achievement Test, version 4