Figure 1.

Comparison of time latency (s) (a) the length of swimming path (cm) (b) to reach the platform between Sham, ovariectomized (OVX), Sham-tamoxifen (Sham-TAM) and ovariectomized-tamoxifen (OVX-TAM) groups and the results of the time (s) spent in each quadrant during the probe trial (c). Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 9-10 in each group). The animals of Sham-TAM and OVX-TAM groups were treated by 1 mg/kg tamoxifenfor 4 weeks before Morris water maze test. The latency time and the length of swimming path were significantly higher in OVX group compared with Sham group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). The time latency and the travelled distance to reach the hidden platform by the animals of OVX-TAM group were significantly lower than that of OVX group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). At the prob trial, the platform was removed, and the time spent in the target quadrant (Q1) and non-target quadrants (Q2-Q4) was compared between the groups. **P < 0.01 compared to Sham group, ⁺⁺P < 0.01 compared to OVX group