Table 1.

Comparison of Actors’ Behavior across Studies.

Study	Actor’s payoff regardless of choice	FL	JM	NN
Current study	Food reward	ns	ns	*
	No food reward	ns	ns	+
Lakshminarayanan and Santos (2008)	High-value food	ns	ns	ns
	Low-value food	ns	*	ns

⁺ p < 0.06, ^* p < 0.05; significance levels indicate whether the actor selected the prosocial option more often than expected based on that actor’s performance when no recipient was present.