Table 1.

Baseline characteristics by PAD status (Total N = 6791)

	PAD Absent (N=6205)	PAD Present (N=586)	p-value
Age (years)	55.3 (0.2)	68.0 (0.7)	<0.0001
Gender (% male)	48.6 (0.7)	42.4 (2.6)	0.04
Race/ethnicity			<0.0001
Non-Hispanic white (%)	77.9 (1.5)	78.5 (2.2)
Non-Hispanic black (%)	8.7 (0.9)	13.4 (2.0)
Mexican American (%)	4.6 (0.8)	3.3 (1.0)
Other (including multi-racial) (%)	8.8 (1.1)	4.8 (1.4)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	127.0 (0.4)	139.3 (1.3)	<0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	73.8 (0.3)	66 (0.7)	<0.0001
Smoking status			<0.0001
Never (%)	46.9 (1.1)	32.7 (2.6)
Former (%)	35.0 (0.9)	44.9 (2.8)
Active (%)	18.0 (0.9)	22.3 (1.8)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	28.3 (0.1)	28.6 (0.3)	0.4
Diabetes (%)	10.8 (0.4)	24.5 (2.9)	<0.0001
Hypertension (%)	45.9 (1.2)	73.2 (2.3)	<0.0001
Hyperlipidemia (%)	46.7 (0.9)	58.4 (2.3)	<0.0001
History of CVD (%)	10.6 (0.5)	30.7 (2.6)	<0.0001
Chronic kidney disease (% with GFR <60)	10.1 (0.6)	35.8 (2.6)	<0.0001
Covered by health insurance (%)*	88.9 (0.7)	93.4 (1.5)	0.02
Private health insurance (%)	80.7 (0.9)	60.2 (2.6)	<0.0001
Medicare (%)	25.9 (0.9)	65.8 (2.9)	<0.0001
Medicaid (%)	4.6 (0.5)	8.1 (1.8)	0.009
Education status (%)			<0.0001
Less than high school	18.8 (0.9)	30.4 (2.5)
High school or some college	54.7 (1.1)	53.2 (2.7)
College graduate or above	26.5 (1.3)	16.4 (2.1)
Poverty-income ratio (%)			<0.0001
PIR < 1.0	9.7 (0.6)	14.4 (1.9)
PIR 1.0–1.99	17.7 (0.9)	30.6 (2.2)
PIR 2.0–2.99	14.7 (0.7)	21.6 (2.6)
PIR 3.0–3.99	14.8 (0.8)	8.8 (1.7)
PIR 4.0–4.99	13.2 (0.6)	8.1 (1.6)
PIR ≥ 5.0	29.9 (1.4)	16.4 (2.8)

CVD = Coronary heart disease, MI, angina, or stroke; GFR = glomerular filtration rate

^*Responses of individuals insurance programs may not add to 100% as individuals may ha1ve more than one type of insurance