Figure 2 –

Relationship among end point choice, cohort selection, hazard ratio, study duration, and sample size. A, Two representative clinical trials with death as the primary end point; the first enrolls an equal number of subjects with GAP stage 1 and 2 over 1 y with a minimum follow-up of 1 year (total study duration, 2 y; median follow-up, approximately 1.5 y) and the second enrolls an equal number of subjects with GAP stage 2 and 3 over 2 y with a minimum follow-up of 1 year (total study duration, 3 years; median follow-up, approximately 2 y). B, The same two representative clinical trials with death plus hospitalization as the primary end point. See Figure 1 legend for expansion of abbreviations.