Table 3. Adjusted neonatal and 18-22 months' corrected age outcomes by exposure to chorioamnionitis.

Outcomes	No chorioamnionitis	Histological chorioamnionitis alone	Histological and clinical chorioamnionitis	Adjusted⁴ P-value Histological chorioamnionitis alone vs None	Adjusted⁴ P-value Histological+Clinical Chorioamnionitis vs None	Adjusted⁴ P-value Histological alone vs. Histological+Clinical Chorioamnionitis
Neonatal/early death	N = 1,014	N = 910	N = 466
Death within 12 hrs, %	15.7	20.6	27.0	0.47	0.0097^*	0.044^*
Death prior to discharge, %	41.7	41.4	46.1	0.0023^*	0.16	0.23
In-hospital outcome	N = 855	N = 723	N = 340
Early-onset sepsis, %	1.3	3.6	5.9	0.0035^*	<.0001^*	0.067
Physiologic BPD, %	56.0	54.1	56.8	0.43	0.99	0.50
PIVH grade 3 or 4, %	20.9	22.0	29.3	0.67	0.033^*	0.0097^*
(Grade 3)	(7.0)	(10.1)	(12.5)
(Grade 4)	(13.8)	(11.9)	(16.8)
Cystic PVL, %	4.6	4.8	6.1	0.77	0.53	0.37
Ventriculomegaly, %	6.0	4.4	5.8	0.24	0.90	0.39
Late-onset sepsis, %	43.7	47.3	41.3	0.15	0.50	0.057
Neonatal antibiotics, %	45.3	55.0	76.5	0.0049^*	<.0001^*	<.0001^*
NEC, %	11.1	15.1	15.3	0.082	0.18	0.92
ROP stage 3 or greater, %	24.7	28.3	30.9	0.88	0.41	0.45
18-month outcome	N = 512	N = 473	N = 209
Cognitive score¹ < 85	27.5	30.5	35.4	0.42	0.055	0.17
Cognitive score¹ < 70	7.1	8.1	14.4	0.81	0.024^*	0.029^*
Cognitive score¹ < 55	2.0	3.0	3.8	0.48	0.36	0.73
Cognitive score-
Mean (SD),	89.4 (14.4)	87.9 (13.6)	86.1 (16.2)
Median (Q1, Q3)	90 (80, 100)	90 (80, 95)	90 (75, 95)	0.45	0.0060^*	0.027^*
Language score¹ < 85	50.2	52.6	52.4	0.50	0.92	0.65
Language score¹ < 70	18.5	18.1	21.8	0.96	0.30	0.29
Language score¹ < 55	4.6	6.0	7.3	0.34	0.26	0.73
Language score-
Mean (SD),	84.7 (17.4)	83.4 (16.7)	82.7 (18.7)
Median (Q1, Q3)	83 (74, 97)	83 (74, 94)	83 (71, 97)	0.70	0.38	0.22
GMF Level > II, %	6.3	6.6	9.6	0.58	0.52	0.24
Cerebral palsy, moderate to severe, %	4.5	4.9	8.1	0.50	0.38	0.12
Spastic diplegia, moderate to severe, %	0.6	1.1	1.4	0.70	0.53	0.33
Behavioral problems²
Rating < 26^th pctile, %	39.3	43.6	36.9	0.44	0.39	0.12
Parental worry ≥ 3, %	7.9	10.8	6.7	0.11	0.70	0.10
Hearing impairment, %	1.2	2.1	1.9	NA	NA	NA
Vision impairment, %	1.8	1.3	0.5	0.32	0.15	0.36
NDI³, %	10.9	11.6	18.2	0.64	0.14	0.041^*
	N = 950	N = 857	N = 428
Death prior to 18 months, %	46.1	44.8	51.2	0.011^*	0.71	0.075
Composite outcome	N = 950	N = 857	N = 428
Death or NDI, %	52.0	51.2	60.1	0.011^*	0.57	0.0061^*

Scores from Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition.

Scores from the Brief Infant Toddler Socioemotional Adjustment Scale (BITSEA). Parental worry ≥ 3 means the parent is either “worried” or “very worried” about the child's behaviors, emotions and relationships.

Neurodevelopmental impairment.

⁴

P-values for the significance of chorioamnionitis type were obtained from either logistic regression or linear regression models of the outcome in each row, adjusting for covariates for gender, antenatal steroids, small for gestational age (SGA), hypertension, and gestational age. A covariate for centers was added to models for death within 12 hours and death prior to discharge. The SGA covariate was excluded from the model for convergence reasons for early on-set sepsis. P-values for NDI, NDI or death, and death prior to 18 months were taken from the full models as described in the odds ratio tables for those outcomes. Because of sparseness in the outcome data, it was not possible to model hearing impairment or spastic diplegia. The p-value for hearing impairment is from a chi-square test. The p-value for diplegia is from an exact test.

P-value is significant at alpha = 0.05 level of significance.