Table 1.

Baseline patient characteristics

Variable	Overall a
Age (years), mean (SD)	43.8 (12.0)
Male, n (%)	244 (61.2%)
Race/ethnicity, n (%)
Caucasian	236 (59.1%)
African American	118 (29.6%)
Other	45 (11.3%)
Currently employed, n (%)	84 (21.1%)
Inpatient setting at trial entry, n (%)	15 (3.8%)
Primary psychiatric diagnosis, n (%)
Schizophrenia	265 (66.4%)
Schizophreniform	3 (0.8%)
Schizoaffective disorder	131 (32.8%)
Age at first psychiatric hospitalization (years), mean (SD)	26.4 (9.4)
Number of previous episodes of schizophrenia, mean (SD)	6.4 (8.6)
Antipsychotic treatment in the past year, n (%)
Conventional(s) only	245 (61.4%)
Atypical(s) only	40 (10.0%)
Both	81 (20.3%)
Comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, n (%)
Mood disorder	86 (21.6%)
Anxiety disorder	19 (4.8%)
Psychoactive substance use disorder	150 (37.7%)
PANSS total score, mean (SD)	86.2 (19.7)
BPRS total score, mean (SD)	31.4 (11.5)

Abbreviations: BPRS Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, SD standard deviation.

^an = 399 for age, gender, race/ethnicity, primary psychiatric diagnosis, inpatient setting at trial entry, currently employed, antipsychotic treatment in the past year, PANSS, and BPRS; n = 362 for age at first psychiatric hospitalization; n = 392 for previous episodes of schizophrenia; n = 398 for comorbid psychiatric diagnoses.