Table I.
Participant characteristics, N = 2832
| Total (N=2832) |
Men (n=1081) |
Women (n=1751) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 39.55 (16.73) | 38.42 (16.58) | 40.26 (16.79) | 0.0045 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.24 (7.83) | 31.37 (7.48) | 32.78 (7.99) | <0.0001 |
| A1c (%) | 6.73 (2.06) | 6.59 (2.01) | 6.81 (2.08) | 0.0594 |
| Education (years) | 11.9 (2.3) | 11.9 (2.3) | 11.9 (2.4) | 0.6074 |
| Weight* | ||||
| Underweight | 37 (1.3%) | 20 (1.9%) | 17 (1.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Normal | 451 (15.9%) | 188 (17.4%) | 263 (15.0%) | |
| Overweight | 738 (26.1%) | 321 (29.7%) | 417 (23.8%) | |
| Obese | 1606 (56.7%) | 552 (51.1%) | 1054 (60.2%) | |
| Current alcohol use | 1639 (58.0%) | 717 (66.6%) | 922 (52.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 672 (23.7%) | 244 (22.6%) | 428 (24.4%) | 0.2554 |
| Mean fasting glucose | ||||
| Diabetes | 178.7 (76.1) | 174.1 (73.5) | 181.4 (77.5) | 0.2358 |
| IFG | 115.7 (4.4) | 115.6 (4.3) | 115.9 (4.5) | 0.6128 |
| NFG | 91.8 (8.4) | 93.5 (8.0) | 90.8 (8.5) | <0.0001 |
| Duration of diabetes** | ||||
| Newly diagnosed | 91 (13.5%) | 43 (17.6%) | 48 (11.2%) | 0.0071 |
| < 5 years | 257 (38.2%) | 97 (39.8%) | 160 (37.4%) | |
| 5–10 years | 95 (14.1%) | 39 (16.0%) | 56 (13.1%) | |
| 10 + years | 229 (34.1%) | 65 (26.6%) | 164 (38.3%) | |
| Diabetes Treatmentˆ | ||||
| Lifestyle/No meds | 112 (19.3%) | 45 (22.4%) | 67 (17.6%) | 0.0123 |
| Oral agents | 300 (51.6%) | 114 (56.7%) | 186 (49.0%) | |
| Insulin | 83 (14.3%) | 18 (9.0%) | 65 (17.1%) | |
| Oral agents + insulin | 86 (14.8%) | 24 (11.9%) | 62 (16.3%) | |
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; IFG = impaired fasting glucose; NFG = normal fasting glucose.
*
Underweight = BMI < 18.5; Normal = BMI 18.5–25; Overweight = BMI 25–30; Obese = BMI >30.
**
Out of 244 men and 428 women (672 total) with diabetes.
ˆ
Out of 201 men and 380 women (581 total) with an established diagnosis of diabetes.