Table 2.
Associations with low back, neck and shoulder pain in past year
| Risk factors |
Low back pain |
Neck pain |
Shoulder pain |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | a OR (95% CI) | b OR (95%CI) | n | a OR (95% CI) | b OR (95%CI) | n | a OR (95% CI) | b OR (95%CI) | |
|
Age (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 23–29 |
24 |
1 |
1 |
24 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
1 |
1 |
| 30–39 |
41 |
1.2 (0.6-2.5) |
1.3 (0.6-2.9) |
41 |
1.2 (0.6-2.5) |
1.6 (0.7-3.7) |
15 |
2.2 (0.7–6.5) |
3.2 (0.9-11.9) |
| 40–49 |
29 |
1.4 (0.7-3.1) |
1.8 (0.8-4.6) |
26 |
1.1 (0.5-2.4) |
0.8 (0.3-2.0) |
14 |
3.4 (1.1–10.3) |
5.1 (1.3-19.6) |
| 50–59 |
30 |
3.4 (1.4-8.3) |
5.5 (1.8-17.1) |
24 |
1.7 (0.7-3.9) |
2.6 (0.9-7.3) |
13 |
4.4 (1.4–13.8) |
6.2 (1.4-26.9) |
|
Self-rated health |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Good |
62 |
1 |
1 |
59 |
1 |
1 |
13 |
1 |
1 |
| Poor |
62 |
2.1 (1.2-3.7) |
1.1 (0.5-2.3) |
56 |
1.9 (1.1-3.2) |
1.2 (0.6-2.4) |
34 |
4.8 (2.3-9.9) |
4.4 (1.7-11.4) |
|
Number of distressing somatic symptoms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| 0 |
60 |
1 |
1 |
55 |
1 |
1 |
15 |
1 |
1 |
| 1 |
31 |
1.7 (0.9-3.5) |
1.5 (0.7-3.4) |
27 |
1.5 (0.8-2.9) |
1.4 (0.6-3.0) |
15 |
3.2 (1.4-7.3) |
2.0 (0.7-5.2) |
| ≥2 |
33 |
3.5 (1.6-7.5) |
2.4 (0.9-6.0) |
33 |
3.9 (1.8-8.5) |
5.0 (1.8-13.9) |
17 |
4.9 (2.1–11.2) |
2.1 (0.7-6.0) |
|
Mood |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Good |
14 |
1 |
1 |
18 |
1 |
1 |
7 |
1 |
1 |
| Intermediate |
88 |
1.6 (0.7-3.4) |
1.8 (0.7-4.3) |
77 |
0.8 (0.4-1.7) |
0.7 (0.3-1.6) |
27 |
0.6 (0.2-1.7) |
0.3 (0.1-0.9) |
| Poor |
22 |
4.5 (1.5-13.7) |
3.4 (0.9-12.5) |
20 |
1.9 (0.7-5.3) |
0.8 (0.2-2.8) |
13 |
3.3 (1.0-10.6) |
0.7 (0.2-3.2) |
|
Emotional exhaustion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Low |
13 |
1 |
1 |
14 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
| Medium |
85 |
2.1 (0.9-4.7) |
2.1 (0.8-5.4) |
73 |
1.2 (0.5-2.6) |
0.9 (0.4-2.2) |
31 |
1.9 (0.6-6.1) |
2.6 (0.7-10.8) |
| High |
19 |
2.0 (0.7-5.7) |
1.5 (0.4-6.1) |
23 |
3.2 (1.1-9.1) |
2.2 (0.5-9.3) |
10 |
3.0 (0.8-11.2) |
2.0 (0.3-11.9) |
|
Depersonalisation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Low |
13 |
1 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
| Medium |
82 |
0.6 (0.2-1.7) |
0.4 (0.1-1.2) |
83 |
2.9 (1.0-8.0) |
3.5 (1.1-10.9) |
32 |
1.4 (0.4-5.3) |
1.6 (0.3-8-1) |
| High |
21 |
0.7 (0.2-2.1) |
0.4 (0.1-1.6) |
23 |
3.8 (1.2-12.4) |
2.6 (0.6-11.3) |
11 |
2.1 (0.5-9.2) |
1.7 (0.3-10.9) |
|
Stressful occupational physical activity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| No |
69 |
1 |
1 |
87 |
1 |
1 |
31 |
1 |
1 |
| Yes |
54 |
2.1 (1.2-3.7) |
2.2 (1.1-4.3) |
27 |
1.3 (0.7-2.6) |
1.1 (0.5-2.4) |
15 |
2.1 (1.0-4.5) |
3.0 (1.2-7.3) |
|
Time pressures at work |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Low |
33 |
1 |
1 |
26 |
1 |
1 |
12 |
1 |
1 |
| High | 88 | 1.2 (0.7-2.2) | 0.9 (0.5-1.9) | 87 | 1.9 (1.1-3.5) | 1.4 (0.7-2.8) | 33 | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | 0.7 (0.3-1.7) |
aAdjusted for age (age is presented without any adjustment).
bAdjusted for all risk factors in the table.