Table 1.

Roles of calcineurin in yeasts and fungi

Fungal species	Cellular Functions of Calcineurin	Selected References
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Cation homeostasis and salt tolerance	Mendoza et al., 1994, Mendoza et al., 1996, Matsumoto et al., 2002, Marquina et al., 2012
	Alkaline pH mediated growth	Nakamura et al., 1993, Serrano et al., 2002, Viladevall et al., 2004, Heath et al., 2004
	Temperature stress	Liu et al., 1991
	Endoplasmic reticulum stress	Bonilla et al., 2002
	Pheromone response and Mating	Cyert et al., 1991
	Cell wall integrity	Zakrzewska et al., 2005
	Blue light response	Bodvard et al., 2013
Schizosaccharomyces pombe	Cation homeostasis	Maeda et al., 2004
	Cell wall integrity	Viana et al., 2013
	Septal positioning	Lu et al., 2002
	Spindle body organization	Yoshida et al., 1994
	Cell morphogenesis	Yoshida et al., 1994
	Membrane trafficking	Ma et al., 2011
Candida albicans	Cation homeostasis	Sanglard et al., 2003, Karababa et al., 2006, Santos and Larrinoa, 2005
	Dimorphic switching and Hyphal growth	Sanglard et al., 2003
	Cell wall integrity	Sanglard et al., 2003
	Alkaline pH mediated growth	Bader et al., 2006
	Acidic pH mediated growth	Kullas et al., 2007
	Membrane stress	Cruz et al., 2002, Karababa et al., 2006, Santos and Larrinoa, 2005
	Fluconazole tolerance	Cruz et al., 2002, Sanglard et al., 2003, Jia et al., 2009, Jia et al., 2012
	Echinocandin resistance	Cowen et al., 2006; Cowen and Lindquist, 2005; Cowen et al., 2009; Singh et al., 2009, Dai et al., 2012
	Virulence	Blankenship et al., 2003, Sanglard et al., 2003, Bader et al., 2006
	Iron homeostasis and membrane lipid homeostasis	Hameed et al., 2011
Candida glabrata	Cell wall integrity	Chen et al., 2012
	Azole tolerance	Miyazaki et al., 2010
	Echinocandin resistance	Miyazaki et al., 2010 and Chen et al., 2012
	Endoplasmic reticulum stress	Chen et al., 2012, Miyazaki et al., 2013
	Thermotolerance	Chen et al., 2012
Candida dubliniensis	Cell wall integrity	Chen et al., 2011
	Azole tolerance	Chen et al., 2011
	Echinocandin resistance	Chen et al., 2011
	Virulence	Chen et al., 2011
Candida lusitaniae	Pseudohyphal growth	Zhang et al., 2012
	Echinocandin resistance	Zhang et al., 2012
Cryptococcus neoformans	Alkaline pH mediated growth	Odom et al., 1997
	Growth at 37°C	Odom et al., 1997
	Mating and haploid fruiting	Cruz et al., 2001, Fox and Heitman, 2005
	Hyphal filamentation	Cruz et al., 2001
	Virulence	Odom et al., 1997
	Membrane trafficking	Kozubowski et al., 2011b
	Association with Stress granules	Kozubowski et al., 2011a
	Cell wall integrity	Lev et al., 2012
	Septation	Fox et al., 2003
Cryptococcus gattii	Cell wall integrity	Chen et al., 2013
	Virulence	Chen et al., 2013
Mucor circinelloides	Apoptosis	Shirazi and Kontoyiannis, 2013
	Azole tolerance	Shirazi and Kontoyiannis, 2013
Rhizopus oryzae	Apoptosis	Shirazi and Kontoyiannis, 2013
	Azole tolerance	Shirazi and Kontoyiannis, 2013
Cunninghamella bertholletiae	Apoptosis	Shirazi and Kontoyiannis, 2013
	Azole tolerance	Shirazi and Kontoyiannis, 2013
Ustilago maydis	Budding and Mating	Egan et al., 2009
Ustilago hordei	Cation homeostasis	Cervantes-Chávez et al., 2010
	pH stress	Cervantes-Chávez et al., 2010
	Temperature stress	Cervantes-Chávez et al., 2010
	Oxidative stress	Cervantes-Chávez et al., 2010
	Cell wall integrity	Cervantes-Chávez et al., 2010
	Virulence	Cervantes-Chávez et al., 2010
Botrytis cinerea	Cation homeostasis	Schumacher et al., 2008
	Cell wall integrity	Schumacher et al., 2008
	Conidiation	Schumacher et al., 2008
	Pathogenesis	Schumacher et al., 2008
Neurospora crassa	Influence the tip high calcium gradient and branching	Kothe and Free, 1998 and Prokisch et al., 1997
	Hyphal branching	Kothe and Free, 1998
Magnaporthe oryzae	Appresorium formation	Choi, 2009
	Pathogenesis	Choi, 2009
Sclerotinia scleotiorum	sclerotial development	Harel et al., 2006
Aspergillus fumigatus	Cell wall integrity	Ferreira et al., 2007, Steinbach et al., 2006, Cramer et al., 2008
	Cation Homeostasis	Cramer et al., 2008, Soriani et al., 2008, Pinchai et al., 2010, Dinamarco et al., 2012,
	Hyphal growth	Steinbach et al., 2006, Ferreira et al., 2007, Pinchai et al., 2009
	Septation	Juvvadi et al., 2008, Juvvadi et al., 2011
	Conidiation	Soriani et al., 2008
	Echinocandin susceptibility and resistance	Fortwendel et al., 2009, Fortwendel et al., 2010 and Lamoth et al., 2013a
	Virulence	Steinbach et al., 2006, Cramer et al., 2008, Soriani et al., 2008,
Aspergillus nidulans	Cell cycle	Nanthakumar NN, 1996
	Cation homeostasis	Hagiwara et al., 2008
	Alkaline pH regulation	Spielvogel et al., 2008, Hernández-Ortiz and Espeso, 2013
	Cell wall integrity	Spielvogel et al., 2008
Aspergillus oryzae	Hyphal growth	Juvvadi et al., 2003
	Alkaline pH mediated growth	Juvvadi et al., 2001
	Salt stress	Juvvadi et al., 2003