Figure 1. Cumulative bile production during ex vivo normothermic machine perfusion of human donor livers.

Presented are individual values for 12 livers that were declined for transplantation. Ex vivo machine perfusion and viability testing was started after a median cold storage of 6.5 hours. Two distinct patterns of bile flow could be identified: 1) a steadily increasing bile production, resulting in a cumulative bile output of ≥30 g during the 6 h of perfusion (green lines), and 2) an initially increasing bile production during the first 2–3 hours, followed by a diminishing production, resulting in a cumulative bile production in 6 h <20 g (red lines).