Table 1. Characteristics of the study, trial characteristics and protocols.

Trial (Year)	Patients number		Inclusion criteria	Definition of CIN	Medication Protocols		Contrast agent	Contrast volumes (mean), ml		Hydration protocols
	Statin (N = 2889)	Control (N = 2936)			Statin	Control		Statin	Control
PROMISS (2008)	118	118	CKD patients undergoing CAG or PCI, CrCl≤60 mL/min or SCr≥1.1 mg/dL	Increase of SCr≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% at 48 hours	Simvastatin 40 mg bid, 1 day pre-procedure and 1 day post-procedure	Placebo	Visipaque (iodixanol)	173.3	190.9	NS 1 mg/kg/h for 12 h before and 12 h after procedure
Toso et al. (2009)	152	152	CKD patients undergoing CAG or PCI, CrCl<60 mL/min	Increase of SCr≥0.5 mg/dl within 5 days.	Atorvastatin 80 mg/day 2 days pre-procedure and 2 days post-procedure, NAC 1200 mg bid from 1 day before to 1 day post-procedure	Placebo + NAC 1200 mg bid from 1day before to 1 day post-procedure	Visipaque (iodixanol)	151.0	164.0	NS 1 ml/kg/h for 12 h before and after the procedure
Xinwei et al. (2009)	113	115	ACS (UA/NSTEMI) including STEMI patients undergoing PCI	Increase of SCr≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% at 48 hours	Simvastatin 80 mg/day from admission to the day before, 20 mg/day after procedure	Simvastatin, 20 mg/day from admission to the end	Visipaque (iodixanol) for CKD, Omnipaque (iohexol) for non-CKD	227.0	240.0	NS 1 ml/kg/h for 6 to 12 h before and 12 h after procedure
Zhou Xia et al. (2009)	50	50	Patients undergoing CAG or PCI	Increase of SCr≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% at 72 hours	Atorvastatin 80 mg/day before for 1day,10 mg/day for 6days after procedure	Atorvastatin 10 mg/day for 7 days	Iopamidol 370 mg/ml	118.7	112.9	NS 1000 mL infusion, for 12 h before and 12 h after intervention
Acikel et al. (2010)	80	80	Patients undergoing elective CAG or PCI (excluding ACS), LDL≥70 mg/dl, eGFR≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2	Increase of SCr≥0.5 mg/dL at 48 hours	Atorvastatin 40 mg/day 3 days pre-procedure and 2 days post-procedure	None	Omnipaque(iohexol)	105.0	103.0	NS 1 ml/kg/h starting 4 h before and continuing until 24 h after procedure
Ozhan et al. (2010)	60	70	Patients undergoing CAG or PCI, eGFR≥70 ml/min/1.73 m2 or SCr≤1.5 mg/dL	Increase of SCr≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% at 48 hours	Atorvastatin 80 mg 1 day pre-procedure and 2 days post-procedure, NAC 600 mg bid pre-procedure	No statin pre-procedure, NAC 600 mg bid pre-procedure	Iopamidol	97.0	93.0	NS 1000 ml infusion during 6 h after procedure
Hua et al. (2010)	76	97	Patients undergoing CAG or PCI	Increase of SCr≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% at 72 hours	Atorvastatin 80 mg/day pre-procedure	Atorvastatin 20 mg/day pre-procedure	Iopromide	173.0	177.0	NR
ARMYDA-CIN (2011)	120	121	ACS (UA/NSTEMI) Patients undergoing CAG or PCI (excluding high-risk NSTEMI requiring emergency PCI), SCr≤3 mg/dl	Increase of SCr≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% at 48 hours	Atorvastatin 80 mg (12 h before) → 40 mg (2 h before), 40 mg for 2days after procedure	Placebo before procedure → Atorvastatin 40 mg for 2days after procedure	Xenetix (iobitridol)	209.0	213.0	For patients CrCl <60 ml/min, NS 1 ml/kg/h for 12 h before and 24 h after intervention
Wei Li et al. (2012)	78	83	STEMI patients undergoing emergency PCI within 12 hours of symptom onset	Increase of SCr≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% at 72 hours	Atorvastatin 80 mg loading pre-procedure, long-term 40 mg/day after procedure	Placebo 801mg loading pre-procedure, long-term 40 mg/day after procedure	Ultravist 370 (iopromide)	100.0	103.6	NS 1 ml/kg/h before the procedure and for 12 h after the procedure
NAPLES II (2012)	202	208	CKD patients undergoing CAG or PCI, eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2	Increase of Serum Cystatin C concentration ≥10% at 24 hours	Atorvastatin 80 mg before procedure, NAC 1200 mg bid the day before and the day of procedure	No statin pre-procedure, NAC 1200 mg bid the day before and the day of procedure	Visipaque (iodixanol)	177.0	184.0	Sodium bicarbonate solution (154 mEq/L), initial bolus of 3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before procedure, 1 mL/kg/h during and for 6 h after the procedure
CAO et al. (2012)	90	90	Patients undergoing CAG or PCI	Increase of SCr≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% at 72 hours	Atorvastatin 40 mg/day from 3days before procedure, 20 mg/day after procedure	Atorvastatin 20 mg/day from 3days before procedure, 20 mg/day after procedure	NR	162.3	158.9	NR
PRATO-ACS (2014)	252	252	ACS (UA/NSTEMI) patients undergoing CAG or PCI (excluding STEMI and high-risk NSTEMI requiring emergency PCI), SCr≤3 mg/dl	Increase of SCr≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% at 72 hours	Rosuvastatin 40 mg loading → 20 mg/day before procedure, Rosuvastatin 20 mg/day continued after procedure, NAC 1200 mg bid the day before and the day of procedure	No statin pre-procedure, Atorvastatin 40 mg/day after procedure, NAC 1200 mg bid the day before and the day of procedure	Visipaque (iodixanol)	149.7	138.2	NS 1 ml/kg/h for 12 h both before and after the procedure. Hydration rate was reduced to 0.5 ml/kg/h inboth arms for patients with LVEF <40%
TRACK-D (2014)	1498	1500	Stage 2 or 3 CKD and type II DM patients undergoing CAG or PCI, eGFR ≥30 ml/min/1.73 m2 and <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 (excluded stage 0,1,4,5 CKD patients)	Increase of SCr≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% at 72 hours	Rosuvastatin 10 mg/day from 2 days before to 3 days after procedure → continued after procedure	No statin pre-procedure, Rosuvastatin 10 mg. day 3 days after procedure	Visipaque (iodixanol)	120.0	110.0	NS 1 ml/kg/h started 12 h before and continued for 24 h after procedure

Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CAG, coronary angiography; CIN, contrast induced nephropathy; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CrCl, creatinine clearance; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NAC, N-acetylcystein; NR, not reported; NS, normal saline (isotonic saline, 0.9%); NSTEMI, non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SCr, serum creatinine; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; UA, unstable angina.