Table 1. Characteristics at Baseline and Year 20§ by Trajectory Groups.
| Trajectory Groups | ||||||||
| No | Low | Moderate | High | |||||
| Baseline | Year 20 | Baseline | Year 20 | Baseline | Year 20 | Baseline | Year 20 | |
| n = 906 | n = 770 | n = 1 273 | n = 1 094 | n = 1 342 | n = 1 065 | n = 283 | n = 215 | |
| Non-Modifiable Risk Factors | ||||||||
| Sex (% Male)† ‡ | 41.5 | 39.7 | 49.0 | 47.4 | 42.1 | 41.3 | 45.6 | 44.7 |
| Ethnicity (% Black) † ‡ | 36.8 | 33.1 | 47.8 | 45.2 | 57 | 55.1 | 58.3 | 59.1 |
| Family History of CHD (%) † | 19.7 | 28.3 | 30.9 | 36.4 | ||||
| Modifiable Risk Factors | ||||||||
| Education (% ≤ High School Graduates) † ‡ | 4.8 | 28.6* | 6.8 | 36.5* | 9.0 | 46.9* | 9.7 | 50.0* |
| Smoking (% Current) † ‡ | 22.0 | 13.9* | 27.2 | 17.1* | 32.1 | 23.8* | 30.9 | 19.7* |
| Alcohol (% Non-drinker) † ‡ | 71.5 | 70.1 | 70.1 | 70.2 | 72.5 | 78.3* | 80.5 | 84.9 |
| Physical Activity Level (% Inactive) † | 27.7 | 34.8* | 30.3 | 39.7* | 35.5 | 52.1* | 37.5 | 60.8* |
| Aerobic Fitness (% Unfit) † ‡ | 11.0 | 9.8* | 8.9 | 24.3* | 22.5 | 50.1* | 38.9 | 71.3* |
| Fast Food Consumption (% more than 2 times/week) † ‡ | 25.7 | 17.0* | 28.0 | 23.8* | 33.4 | 26.0* | 30.0 | 30.4 |
| Currently on a Weight Reducing Diet (%) † ‡ | 5.6 | 25.9* | 7.8 | 33.2* | 9.7 | 35.5* | 13.6 | 38.0* |
| MetS Components | ||||||||
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) † ‡ | 106.6±9.4 | 109.3±11.1* | 109.5±9.8 | 116.4±13.7* | 111.7±11.5 | 119.9±16.7* | 115.1±10.5 | 124.9±16.5* |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure(mmHg) † ‡ | 66.5±8.6 | 66.6±8.2 | 68.0±9.0 | 72.2±10.5* | 69.1±10.0 | 76.6±11.9* | 72.1±9.9 | 81.4±11.1* |
| Waist Circumference (cm) Males † ‡ | 77.5±5.3 | 87.1±7.4* | 79.3±6.9 | 93.0±9.6* | 83.5±8.6 | 101.4±12.8* | 91.1±9.2 | 114.4±12.2* |
| Waist Circumference (cm) Females † ‡ | 67.8±5.4 | 75.3±6.9* | 70.1±6.3 | 83.9±10.7* | 78.0±11.4 | 95.8±13.1* | 87.4±12.4 | 107.9±11.5* |
| Fasting Plasma Glucose mmol/L) † ‡ | 4.4±0.4 | 4.9±0.4* | 4.5±0.5 | 5.2±0.8* | 4.6±0.8 | 5.6±1.4* | 4.8±0.7 | 6.9±2.9* |
| Serum Triglycerides (mmol/L) † ‡ | 0.6±0.3 | 0.8±0.3* | 0.7±0.4 | 1.0±0.6* | 0.9±0.5 | 1.5±1.0* | 1.2±0.6 | 2.1±1.3* |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) - Males † ‡ | 1.5±0.1 | 1.5±0.2 | 1.4±0.1 | 1.3±0.2 | 1.1±0.1 | 0.9±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.0±0.1 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) - Females † ‡ | 1.6±0.1 | 1.9±0.2 | 1.5±0.1 | 1.6±0.1 | 1.3±0.1 | 1.3±0.2 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 |
| Health Risk | ||||||||
| Obesity (% Body Mass Index ≥30 kg/m2) † ‡ | 0.3 | 5.4* | 2.3 | 23.6* | 17.3 | 45.7* | 42.4* | 66.1* |
| Develop Metabolic Syndrome (%) ‡ | – | 0* | – | 5.6* | – | 40.5* | – | 93.0* |
| No MetS Components (%) † ‡ | 91.1 | 86.1* | 83.7 | 27.1* | 41.3 | 3.3* | 19.2 | 0.0* |
| Framingham Risk Score | 1.0±0.2 | 1.8±2.0* | 1.1±0.4 | 2.2±2.6* | 1.1±0.5 | 2.5±3.2* | 1.1±0.6 | 2.5±3.4* |
| ATP-III-R Group (% High Risk) ‡ | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 3.2* | 0.2 | 10.8* | 0.1 | 33.5* |
| ATP-III-R Treatment (% Drug Therapy) † ‡ | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 3.4* | 1.5 | 8.5* | 0.4 | 24.9* |
Data presented as group means ± SD unless stated otherwise;
*Significance observed between baseline and Year 20, within each trajectory group; p<0.05;
†
Significance observed between trajectory groups at baseline; p<0.05;
‡
Significance observed between trajectory groups at Year 20; p<0.05;
§
Presented Year 20 data reflects those who attended that specific exam; Abbreviations: CHD; Coronary Heart Disease, HDL-C; High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; MetS, Metabolic Syndrome; ATP III-R, Revised Third Report of National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol.